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Optimizing 3D Models of Engineered Skeletal Muscle
Published in Karen J.L. Burg, Didier Dréau, Timothy Burg, Engineering 3D Tissue Test Systems, 2017
Megan E. Kondash, Brittany N. J. Davis, George A. Truskey
In addition, fibroblasts are necessary for the formation of a continuous basal lamina structure around differentiating myotubes. Fibroblasts deposit type IV collagen and laminin, two of the main components of the basal lamina structure (Kuhl et al. 1984). In vivo, the basal lamina is important for its role in muscle structure and strength and as a crucial component of myogenesis and signaling (Sanes 2003). In fibrin-based engineered skeletal muscle, fibroblasts contribute to the formation of a fibroblast-rich exterior, which resembles the connective tissue layer that surrounds muscles in native tissue (Juhas et al. 2014). Fibroblasts also play an important role in fibrin degradation and gel compaction over time (De Jesus and Sander 2014), contributing to the passive forces present within the bundle structure.
Systemic toxicology
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
W.M. Haschek, N.H. Stacey, C. Winder
The gastrointestinal tract is a tubular organ whose wall consists of a mucosa, a submucosa, smooth muscle, and serosa. The mucosa is the primary site of chemical-induced injury. It consists of an epithelial lining, a lamina propria of vascularised connective tissue, and the muscularis mucosae, a thin layer of muscle that delineates the mucosal boundary. The epithelium that covers the lumenal surface of the mucosa functions as a selectively permeable barrier to substances within the lumen, and facilitates the transport and digestion of food, as well as the absorption of water and digestive products. Abundant lymphoid tissue is also present in the mucosa and submucosa; protection against infection is primarily through immunoglobulin A (IgA) production.
Design and Modeling of Lightweight Polymer Composite Structures
Published in Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Suchart Siengchin, Lothar Kroll, Lightweight Polymer Composite Structures, 2020
Akarsh Verma, Naman Jain, Avinash Parashar, Vinay K. Singh, M. R. Sanjay, Suchart Siengchin
Lamina is a thin single layer of composite in which fibers are oriented in unidirectional or woven form. When numbers of such layers are stack together, it is known as laminate (as shown in Figure 7.1). Laminate composites can be considered as leaf spring of the suspension system in automobiles. Unlike metals which are isotropic in nature, the stiffness of composites varies from point to point throughout the material, whether the point is considered on the fiber, matrix, or at the fiber-matrix interface. Therefore, the study of macro-mechanical properties and modeling of lamina become essential to understanding the fiber reinforced composites.
Formulation and evaluation of niosomes-based chlorpheniramine gel for the treatment of mild to moderate skin allergy
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2022
Urooj Afreen, Khairi Mustafa Fahelelbom, Syed Nisar Hussain Shah, Akram Ashames, Uzma Almas, Shujaat Ali Khan, Muhammad Arfat Yameen, Naveed Nisar, Muhammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad, Ghulam Murtaza
Normal rabbit skin after selection of appropriate portion, staining with haematoxylin, and eosin (H&E), and visualising under low, and high magnification powers (i.e. 10× and 40×) of optical microscope displayed prominent histopathological alterations (Figure 8a) showing regular and symmetrical arrangement of all layers and cells. Histopathological study of normal skin showed, symmetrical and smooth surfaced lamina propria with symmetrical collagen fibres, and glands along with their normal secretions of eosinophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, and fibroblasts. Fibroblasts and collagen fibres were found to make a regular network of loose connective tissue covering lamina propria, and performing function by mechanism of diffusion through capillaries to supply nutrients, and oxygen to the cells and to remove carbon dioxide, and water from cell being in accordance with findings of normal skin histology by Javed [26].
Probabilistic modeling and prediction of out-of-plane unidirectional composite lamina properties
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2021
Jiaxin Zhang, Michael Shields, Stephanie TerMaath
Out-of-plane lamina properties were calculated from the FE results using a homogenization approach based on energy principles and Gauss’s Theorem, as detailed by Sun and Vaidya [9]. Given a macroscopically homogenous medium with boundary tractions that produce uniform stresses and strains, equilibrium conditions and Gauss’s Theorem are applied to prove that the strain energy stored in the effective homogenous medium (U) equals that of a heterogeneous medium () provided that the same boundary tractions are applied and perfect bonding occurs between constituents. The boundary conditions force the average displacement () and displacement at any location on the surface (ui) to be equal. That is,
Ameliorative role of neem (Azadiracta indica) leaves ethanolic extract on testicular injury of neonatally diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Abd El-Fattah B. M. El-Beltagy, Amoura M. Abou El-Naga, El-Sayed M. El-Habibi, Sara El-Said M. Shams
In both control and Azidracta indica leaves extracts groups, the seminiferous tubules displayed negative to weak immune expression for COX-2 protein (Figure 6(a,b)). However, the sections of seminiferous tubules of diabetic rats showed intense reaction for COX-2 protein especially in the basal lamina and spermatogonia as well as in Leydig cells (Figure 6(c,d)). In the diabetic group that supplemented with neem leaves extract, the tubule section was displayed a moderate expression for a COX-2 protein that more confined to the interstitial cells and basal lamina of seminiferous tubules (Figure 6(e)).