China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Basic Concepts
Published in P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino, Non-Invasive Monitoring of Transdermal Drug Delivery, 2022
P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino
Nowadays, the oldest but the most common technique used to diagnose fractured bones, joint dislocations, injuries and joint abnormalities is X-ray Radiography. This exam requires little time and no special preparation, but bulky and expensive equipment. In spite of the use of a very-small dose of ionizing radiation to produce pictures of any bone in the body, there is an accumulative effect of the ionizing radiation that lead to a slight chance of cancer from excessive exposure to radiation. Moreover, pregnant women should avoid this procedure. In order to overcome the limitation of X-Ray radiography, BIA could represent an innovative approach to detect bone health status [130].
Kinematic differences between successful and faulty spikes in young volleyball players
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2020
Javad Sarvestan, Zdeněk Svoboda, Petr Linduška
Thirteen young elite volleyball players of national level voluntarily participated in this study. Table 1 depicts the demographic and anthropometrical characteristics of the participants. Participants were included Eleven right-handed and two left-handed spikers with opposite dominant leg. In order to avoid the influence of a particular group during the experiment, we included three types of spikers (i.e., wing, middle, and opposite spikers). The selected players had previously participated in international competitions; moreover, during the experiments, they were participating in the national training camp for international U-17 competitions. The players did not report acute injuries during the measurements, and had not claimed any musculoskeletal injuries (e.g., muscle, ligament, or tendon operation; joint dislocation or bone fracture) in the 12 months prior to the measurements. The aims of this study were explicitly explained to the players and their parents signed a written informed consent prior to data sampling. This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Physical Culture (Palacky University Olomouc) on the base of the ethics code 79/2018, which is in line with the ethical norms on human experimentation.
Validation of a model-based inverse kinematics approach based on wearable inertial sensors
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
L. Tagliapietra, L. Modenese, E. Ceseracciu, C. Mazzà, M. Reggiani
Orientation-based Inverse kinematics (OB-IK) is similar to the marker-based inverse kinematics (MB-IK) available in OpenSim (Delp et al. 2007), a popular model-driven global optimization procedure that allows to estimate joint kinematics starting from marker data (Lu and O’Connor 1999). The main benefit of an inverse kinematic method, assuming enough experimental kinematic measurements are available to be tracked, is the use of a multi-link mechanical model with associated joint constraints (Kainz et al. 2016). Indeed, the constraints in the model can prevent physiologically unfeasible configurations, such as joint dislocation or joint angles outside their physiologycal ranges of motion, possibly resulting from experimental errors and noises. In order for OB-IK to work, “virtual” orientation sensors should be placed on the model links matching the experimental configuration.
Effect of the medial collateral ligament and the lateral ulnar collateral ligament injury on elbow stability: a finite element analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Fang Wang, Shuoqi Jia, Mingxin Li, Kui Pan, Jianguo Zhang, Yubo Fan
Most studies believed that the tMCL has no effect on joint stability because of its special anatomical structure, which originated and inserted on the ulna (Borzelli et al. 2018). However, this research had some new discoveries. The pMCL injury could cause the stress of tMCL to increase in the 60° to 90° flexion (Figure 10C). The tMCL injury also could cause the stress of pMCL to increase (Figure 10B) which was not as obvious as the aMCL injury. There seemed to be a subtle interaction between the tMCL and the pMCL, in which one got injured and the other would be taut. The reason for this could be found in the anatomical structure of the pMCL and tMCL. The pMCL was a fan-shaped thickening of the posteromedial joint capsule (Morrey and An 1985). The tMCL was consisted of the fibre bundle in the medial coronoid and the tip of the olecranon, which was tightly connected to the posteromedial capsule. The pMCL and the tMCL had a large overlap at the olecranon, which was the reason why their stress could affect each other (Tarassoli et al. 2017). Therefore, we inferred that the pMCL and the tMCL interact each other and one bundle injured might lead to biomechanical changes of both, which was not easy to cause injury. Furthermore, the injury of the aMCL, pMCL and LUCL could cause the stress increase of the tMCL at 60° to 90° flexion (Figure 10C). Most previous studies paid little attention to tMCL, and there was no mention of tMCL repair in elbow dislocations (Borzelli et al. 2018; O’Brien and Iii 2018). The increase of tMCL stress maybe the cause of slight pain during flexion even after repair of joint dislocation. This study found the role of the tMCL by analysing the biomechanics of ligaments, which has never been discovered in previous studies.