Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Marine Algal Secondary Metabolites Are a Potential Pharmaceutical Resource for Human Society Developments
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Somasundaram Ambiga, Raja Suja Pandian, Lazarus Vijune Lawrence, Arjun Pandian, Ramu Arun Kumar, Bakrudeen Ali Ahmed Abdul
Crustaceans are common arthropods used in biotechnological and molecular research. Crabs, shrimp, lobsters, krill, and barnacles are all found in this category. β -N-acetylhexosaminidase and chitinase are two forms of chitinolytic enzymes found in the liver, pancreas, and crustacean integument. Chitinolytic mechanisms in the integument have been shown to play an important role in molting and ingestion of chitin-containing foods in the hepatopancreas. While marine zooplankton are intended to shed on a regular basis, there is a considerable amount of abandoned chitin, which can be a major carbon source and energy source for chitin-degrading microbes’ development and reproduction. Chitin synthesis in the entire marine biocycle is estimated at approximately 2.3 million metric tons per year. Researchers have discovered a broad variety of microorganisms capable of producing chitinase, such as Arthrobacter, Clostridium Penicillium, Serratia, Rhizopus, Sporocytophaga, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Flavobacterium, Streptomyces, Aspergillus, Chromobacterium, Myxobacter, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio alginolyticus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio mimicus, Listonella anguillarum and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Direct application of chitinolytic enzymes (e.g., antifungals) and hydrolysis of chitin into chitooligosaccharides are the two main applications of chitinolytic enzymes. In this case, the chitooligosaccharides’ chemical structure has a significant impact on their function.
Skin development and regeneration, and the control of fibrosis
Published in David M. Gardiner, Regenerative Engineering and Developmental Biology, 2017
Michael S. Hu, H. Peter Lorenz, Michael T. Longaker
Although the fibroproliferative response to cutaneous injury is not equivalent to normal skin, it accomplishes the goal of quickly restoring the continuity of the integument. Pathologic wound healing relates to two ends of a spectrum: underhealing and overhealing, with normal physiologic wound healing in between. Chronic, nonhealing wounds in the form of diabetic, venous, arterial, and pressure ulcers are the examples of underhealing. Humans are uniquely burdened with pathologic overhealing, manifesting as keloids and hypertrophic scars. Although the pathophysiology underlying these aberrant forms of wound repair is not clearly understood, the consequent biomedical burden provides the impetus to advance skin regeneration efforts.
Thin-Layer Chromatography of the Skin Secretions of Vertebrates
Published in Bernard Fried, Joseph Sherma, Practical Thin-Layer Chromatography, 2017
Secretions produced by amphibians in granular glands, small organs widely distributed over the integument, discharge their contents in response to a mild electrical stimulation of the skin69 or following the injection of epinephrine.70 Excised skins, fresh or dried, also can be extracted. Exudates of the parotoid glands, raised oblong organs in the nuchal region of toads (Bufo spp.), are obtained by firmly holding subjects in one hand and pressing a glass plate onto their dorsum with the other.71 The glands are then pinched between the thumb and forefinger to extrude their milky secretions onto the plate, from which they are scraped after drying.
Exposure of Ticks Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (Acari:Ixodidae) to Ozonated Water: Integument Response
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2020
Marina Rodrigues de Abreu, Italo Delalibera Junior, Natalia Rubio Claret Pereira, Maria Izabel Camargo-Mathias
The integument of ticks is a vital organ that covers the entire body, functioning as a physical barrier against external agents (Camargo-Mathias 2018). Besides this, it is responsible for regulating the water balance and expansion of the body (in females) during the blood meal, enabling the production of eggs and the reproductive success of ticks (Sonenshine and Roe 2014). The integument is basically composed of an epidermal layer, formed by epithelial cells that secrete the acellular cuticle, which composes the exoskeleton. In turn, the cuticle is divided into an epicuticle and procuticle. These layers change according to the feeding periods, mainly in the female, when they expand to hold the ovary that will develop (Remedio, Nunes, and Camargo-Mathias 2015).
Modelling ballistic cranial injury and backspatter using smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2020
Eryn Kwon, Michael R Singh, Ravin D Vallabh, Raj Das, Michael C Taylor, Justin W Fernandez
It is expected that the tough integument of the human cranial skin will prevent the crushed tissues to backspatter as freely as the gelatine simulant. Therefore, the silicone was accepted as the best cranial skin simulant over the gelatine.