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Quantum Mechanics of Wound Healing: Nano-bio Interface of Wound Bed and Wound Dressing
Published in Cherry Bhargava, Amit Sachdeva, Pardeep Kumar Sharma, Smart Nanotechnology with Applications, 2020
Garima Shandilya, Kirtan Tarwadi, Sachin Chavan
There lies an interface between our body and this entire universe, which forms 16% of our physical body weight – Skin, the largest organ in our body. Skin is the foundation of the integumentary system, which includes our hairs, nails, specialized glands and nerves. It is made up of many layers of cells and lineages, including epidermis, dermis, hypodermis, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix. It also plays key roles in protecting, sensing, and regulating complex processes of physical sensation on pressure-sensitive skin components – merkel cells – conserving and releasing warmth from the body [1]. The skin effectively seals the internal organs and absorbs pressure, shocks and injury insults with flexible collagen, which makes up the dermis layer. It requires a lot of energy to maintain the healthy state of the skin functioning. It involves various mechanisms of maintaining co-ordination between the physical forces arising from mechanical forces and change in energy densities, resulting in chemical changes. These quantum changes regulate the organ’s mechanics for performing essential biological tasks.
Chronic Arsenic Exposure to Drinking Water
Published in M. Manzurul Hassan, Arsenic in Groundwater, 2018
The integumentary system is an organ system comprising skin, hair, nails, exocrine glands, and nerve receptors that protect the body from infections. Cutaneous abnormalities are well-known early signs of chronic inorganic arsenic poisoning (Chen et al., 2009; Yamaguchi et al., 2016). In humans, skin is the most sensitive target organ for chronic arsenic exposure (Pei et al., 2013; Yoshida et al., 2004), and skin lesions like raindrop pigmentation, palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis, and hypo- and hyper-pigmentation are regarded as hallmarks of arsenic toxicity (Bhattacharjee et al., 2013a; Samal et al., 2013). Among these skin lesions, palmar and plantar hyperkeratoses are known as pre-malignant skin lesions, which later develop into skin cancer like basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and Bowen's disease (BD) (Banerjee et al., 2011; Tseng et al., 1968). Malignancy from these diseases may occur after about 15–20 years of clinical onset of the disease as monocentric or multicentric SCC. Malignancy in other organs, e.g., lungs, bladder, liver, uterus, etc., may also develop (Chakraborti et al., 2017a). A line of literature shows the association between arsenic exposure to drinking water and the occurrence of skin lesions (Nriagu et al., 2012; Sarma, 2016). Skin lesions are generally referred to as the early manifestation of chronic arsenic intoxication, and hypopigmented skin spots have been associated with arsenic cytoxicity and melanocytes, being more sensitive to arsenic than other cell types of the skin (Graham-Evans et al., 2004) (Table 4.1).
Blood Flow Effects in Thermal Treatment of Three-Dimensional Non-Fourier Multilayered Skin Structure
Published in Heat Transfer Engineering, 2021
Mohammad Jamshidi, Jafar Ghazanfarian
The human skin is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system. It protects the body from various kinds of damages from external environment, such as loss of water. Hence, it is really important to employ more practical models that account more details of skin to obtain the most accurate results. Recent studies about the non-Fourier effects in the living tissues present a simplified multilayered skin model, simulations of simple two-dimensional geometries, and models of the heat transfer inside the skin as a solid substrate without directly taking care of the blood stream [32, 33].