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Microfluidics Devices as Miniaturized Analytical Modules for Cancer Diagnosis
Published in Raju Khan, Chetna Dhand, S. K. Sanghi, Shabi Thankaraj Salammal, A. B. P. Mishra, Advanced Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics, 2022
Niraj K. Vishwakarma, Parul Chaurasia, Pranjal Chandra, Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) get close to a biological entity of interest because of their comparable dimensions with biological particles.59,85 Magnetic bead-based cell separation techniques can overcome the limitations of CAMC in which recovery of captured target cells is difficult. CAMC usually requires acidic solution to recover captured cells which can denatur the cells. Immunomagnetic separation (IMS) is a technique that is used for separation and enrichment of specific cells/CTCs from a heterogeneous suspension. It involves the coupling of biological macromolecules such as CTCs with supermagnetic iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles embedded as core in a polymer shell. The Fe3O4 beads can be controlled and stabilized under the influence of the external magnetic field, While the magnetic memory will be lost when the external magnetic field is detached, resulting in a re-dispersion of magnetic beads. When Fe3O4 beads are grafted with biological molecules, e.g., antibodies, it would be capable of identifying and capturing target cells such as CTCs. In contrast to classical IMS, wherein cell capture and separation followed by washing is required, microfluidics-based IMS overcomes these limitations. A schematic diagram of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) is shown in Figure 9.2(B).
Magnetic Separation in Integrated Micro-Analytical Systems
Published in Nguyễn T. K. Thanh, Clinical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles, 2018
Magnetic carriers functionalized with affinity or hydrophobic ligands can be used to separate proteins.2 Affinity ligands including streptavidin, antibodies, protein A and protein G are commonly used for selective protein separation. Immunomagnetic separation is a method where antibodies are used as capturing molecules to selectively bind magnetic carriers and specific proteins or other molecules. An antibody is a protein that is 10–20 nm in length and 2–3 nm in height.48 They show high affinity or selectivity to targets, including pathogens,49,50 proteins expressed in malignant cells,51 food allergens,52 toxins53 etc.; thus, they can be used for separation of such materials. Most importantly, immunomagnetic cell separation relies on binding of functionalized particles to antigen proteins expressed on the surface of target cells. Particles used for immunomagnetic separation selectively target proteins expressed in the cells to be sorted. Details of cell separation methods are described in the following section.
Magnetic-Particle-Based Microfluidics
Published in Sushanta K. Mitra, Suman Chakraborty, Fabrication, Implementation, and Applications, 2016
Ranjan Ganguly, Ashok Sinha, Ishwar K. Puri
Several advantageous features of magnetic microspheres have been harnessed to meet different microfluidic challenges in μ-TAS applications. A major class of applications uses biochemical binding of target biomolecules on the surface of functionalized magnetic microspheres and subsequent magnetophoretic separation of the target species in a microfluidic environment. For example, immunomagnetic separation (IMS) via mobile suspended magnetic microbeads provides the advantage of relatively rapid antigen capture as compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IMS is a popular analytical technique in which magnetic beads with antibodies immobilized on their surface can bind to target cells, toxins, or other molecules of a test sample.
Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in drinking water treatment residues: comparison of recovery methods for quantity assessment
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Kamila Jessie Sammarro Silva, Lyda Patricia Sabogal-Paz
Purification was performed by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) (Dynabeads®, Dynal® CG, Combo anti-Cryptosporidium and anti-Giardia, Applied Biosystems) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. However, it was taken into account that the matrix derived from a surface water source and contained metals from both the water body and the coagulant used for the treatment. Therefore, an extra step preceded the IMS, in which each sludge sample was homogenized in order to suspend the pellet obtained after the DC and transfer it to a flat side tube (FST) (Dynal™). Each FST was then coupled to a magnetic concentrator (Dynal MPC™-1) to perform manual motions willing to adhere any magnetic particles (e.g. precipitates of metal salts) to the MPC and remove them from the sludge sample. The sample volumes were preserved in this step, which was included prior to all of the IMS procedures in this study.
Removal of Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporididum spp. oocysts from anaerobic effluent by dissolved air flotation
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Gabriela Laila de Oliveira, Luiz Antonio Daniel
After the concentrated through centrifugation and MF techniques, (oo)cysts were purified by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) using the Dynabeads GC – Combo (Dynal® CG, Combo anti – Cryptosporidium and Giardia, Invitrogen Dynal AS, Lillestrøm, Norway) with acid dissociation in according to Method 1623.1 [21]. (Oo)cysts were detected and identified using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with a Merifluor® kit (Meridien Bioscience Diagnostics, Cincinnati, OH, USA). Samples were microscopically examined at 300–800X magnification, using epifluorescence microscopy (Olympus BX51).