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Marine Polysaccharides from Algae
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Wen-Yu Lu, Hui-Jing Li, Yan-Chao Wu
Nowadays, abnormal blood lipids pose a threat to the health of young people, so they have attracted more and more attention (Li et al., 2012). Hyperlipidemia is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases (such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cerebral thrombosis and atherosclerosis) (Tangvarasittichai, 2017). Chemical drugs are used in clinical treatment of hyperlipidemia due to their therapeutic efficacy (Weintraub, 2013). However, different degrees of adverse reactions were observed during and after treatment (Egom and Hafeez, 2016). Considering the existing evidence that algae based diet can prevent hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis by changing cholesterol absorption and metabolism, so as to reduce the levels of plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in hyperlipidemic mammals (Mohamed et al., 2012b).
Supplementary and Medicinal Properties of Ulvan Polysaccharides
Published in Shakeel Ahmed, Aisverya Soundararajan, Marine Polysaccharides, 2018
S. Vijayanand, Ashwini Ravi, S. Aisverya, P. N. Sudhaand, J. Hemapriya
Hyperlipidemia is a metabolic condition caused by an increase in lipids, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins. When untreated, this may lead to several cardiac ailments. Several drugs are available for treating hyperlipidemia, but the reports of undesirable side effects due to the use of the synthetic chemical drugs made it necessary to produce drugs of natural origin [80]. Sulphated polysaccharides from marine organisms are gaining importance due to their distinct biological activities and ulvans are one among the polysaccharides of marine origin. The ulvan polysaccharide has been studied for its hyperlipidemic activities and found to act as a potent antihyperlipidemic agent. Pengzhan et al. (2003) found that ulvan isolated from U. pertusa can efficiently decrease the plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides in ICR rats. It was also found to increase the serum high-density lipoprotein when compared to the control group. A similar phenomenon was observed by Matloub et al. (2013) in hyperlipidemic rats treated with the ulvan polysaccharide isolated from U. fasciata and E. prolifera. It was found that low-molecular-weight ulvan does not reduce the serum cholesterol level, whereas it normalises and raises the high-density lipoprotein levels in serum [81]. Despite its molecular weight, sulphation plays a major role in its activity. Highly sulphated ulvan and acetylated ulvan were found to show better antihyperlipidemic activity and found to decrease low-density lipoprotein levels markedly [82–84]. In a study by Qi and Sheng (2015), the ulvan-treated hyperlipidemic mice were found to up-regulate the bile acid receptor gene of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and insulin-like receptor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARy) mRNAs, whereas they were found to down-regulate liver X receptor (LXR) mRNA, thereby decreasing hyperlipidemia.
Ameliorative effect of quercetin on pancreatic damage in rodent: a meta-analysis
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2023
Tri Wiyono, Khoirun Nisa, Sri Handayani, Anjar Windarsih, Septi Nur Hayati, Martha Purnami Wulanjati, Eti Nurwening Sholikhah, Woro Rukmi Pratiwi
Hyperlipidemia is defined as an increase in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, or both [1,2]. Hypertriglyceridemia has been reported to be positively correlated with cases of CVD and pancreatitis [3]. Oxidative stress conditions on beta cells and changes in plasma viscosity by triglycerides are mentioned as triggers for pancreatic cell damage, ranging from inflammation to necrosis [4,5]. In the case of pancreatic cells, insulin secretion is impaired by the accumulation of free fatty acid (FFA), which can also lead to apoptosis [6]. Therefore, treatment of damaged pancreatic cells is needed, especially to reduce the dependence of diabetic patients on insulin therapy.
Hyperlipidemia and male infertility
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2021
Zainab Bubakr Hamad Zubi, Hamad Abdulsalam Hamad Alfarisi
Hyperlipidemia is an elevation of serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), or triglycerides (TGs), or a low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) [1,2]. It is a common disease affecting 25% of adults in developed nations. In the United States, half of people of more than 65 years of age were treated with antihyperlipidaemic agents between 2007 and 2010 [3]. Worldwide, the incidence of dyslipidaemia is increasing in both low and high income countries [4]. Diet is an important factor that may induce hyperlipidemia. Modern diet which is highly constituted by fat, sugar and refined grains products is an important extrinsic factor for the development of this disease [5]. Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for the prevalence and severity of ischemic heart disease which together with stork are the primary causes of death [1]. Less recognized but growing in importance are the effects of hyperlipidemia on reproductive functions [6]. A growing evidence has linked dyslipidaemia and abnormal lipid metabolism with alterations in semen quality and fertility [7]. Hypercholesterolemia is a subclass of hyperlipidemia [9]. It is characterized by high serum LDL-c and blood cholesterol. High-cholesterol diet is the main factor in the development of hypercholesterolemia, which is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease [10,11]. Approximately 50% of the middle-aged adult population have been reported to have total cholesterol level above the normal range [12]. Cholesterol is an essential component for cell membrane composition, permeability, fluidity, endocytosis and signal transduction. It is the precursor of steroid hormones biosynthesis and its homeostasis is critical for male reproductive system. Thus, cholesterol must be strictly regulated for optimal cell functions as any disturbance in its homeostasis can affect male reproductive fitness and fertility [13].