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Liver and biliary system, pancreas and spleen
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The spleen is situated principally in the left hypochondriac region of the abdomen, lying behind the fundus of the stomach and the diaphragm (Fig. 6.25). It is ovoid in shape and its size and weight varies significantly with age and between individuals. It is related closely to the diaphragm superiorly and the visceral surface has gastric, renal, pancreatic and colic impressions. The hilum is situated on the visceral surface and permits passage of vessels, including the splenic artery, SV, lymphatic vessel and nerves. The spleen is covered on its visceral surface by peritoneum, under which is a fibroelastic capsule. The bulk of the organ is composed of lymphoid tissue and blood capillaries, known collectively as the splenic pulp. The function of the spleen is to act as a reservoir for blood and the destruction of red blood cells.
Computer-assisted planning for percutaneous ethanol injection of hepatocellular carcinoma
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2019
Tarak Ben Saïd, Faten Chaieb, Faouzi Ghorbel
In order to test and validate our support system, we have to set some parameters: after discussion with radiologists, the threshold s related to tumour diameter is 50 mm and the safe distance d related to proximity test is set to the value of 10 mm. The first test concerns the therapeutic decision phase: it begins by computing the tumour diameter, then it determines its relative position to the hepatic hilum (H.H.), to the liver borders (L.B.) and to the different liver adjacent organs (A.O.) such as lung, kidney and duodenum to finally decide for PEI treatment. In the case of a PEI treatment decided, a second test based on the needle guidance phase is established. This test validates the found trajectory. From results we notice that in most cases we can not perform PEI treatment because of the large size of the tumour which diameter exceeds the fixed threshold s. Other cases have also been excluded from PEI treatment due to their proximity to the hepatic hilum (H.H.) or to an adjacent organ (A.O.) to the liver. The all cases characterized by tumours which are far from liver borders (L.B.) can undergo PEI treatment and the trajectory of the needle is given in the scanner coordinate system by the coordinates of C and I. IMG04_L2 is another case of treated tumour characterized by its close position to liver borders (L.B.) but does not contact any adjacent organ to the liver. The tumours IMG05_L2 and IMG05_L3 were not treated because of a lung disease that prevents needle insertion. The tumour P7_T1 was not also treated because the duodenum was close to the tumour: this organ was not considered in our system due to its segmentation difficulties. All of these cases were discussed with the radiologist and all the results found by our system were approved.