China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Biological Agents
Published in Katarzyna Majchrzycka, Małgorzata Okrasa, Justyna Szulc, Respiratory Protection Against Hazardous Biological Agents, 2020
Viruses transmitted by blood and body fluids are the most common cause of occupational diseases in workers of healthcare institutions and diagnostic laboratories [Bilski 2002]. The highly infectious hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis D and G viruses (HDV and HGV) are the most dangerous within this group of biological agents [Dutkiewicz 2018]. The probability of infection after contact with these viruses amounts to even 30%. The risk of occupational infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, is lower (approx. 0.3%) [Bilski 2002].
Feature Selection and Instance Selection from Clinical Datasets Using Co-operative Co-evolution and Classification Using Random Forest
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
V. R. Elgin Christo, H. Khanna Nehemiah, J. Brighty, Arputharaj Kannan
HCC starts as chronic hepatitis caused by Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and Hepatitis D virus which leads to progressive scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) and to primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma). HCC dataset was obtained at a University Hospital in Portugal and contains several demographic, risk factors, laboratory, and overall survival features of 165 real patients diagnosed with HCC. This is a heterogeneous dataset with 49 features with 2 class labels where 0 represents the absence of HCC and 1 represents the presence of HCC. The attribute description of the HCC dataset is shown in Table 8.
Applying Concept Drift to Understand Hepatitis Evolution in Brazil
Published in Cybernetics and Systems, 2020
Ricardo A. Rios, Tatiane N. Rios, Rosemary Melo, Euler Santos de Santana, Técia Maria Santos Carneiro, Argemiro D.’ Oliveira Junior
There exists 5 types of hepatitis virus – A, B, C, D, and E – that present different transmission routes, need for other virus to reproduce, and form to evolve to its chronic, acute, or fulminant infection. Hepatitis A and E are transmitted by the fecal-oral route, whereas the types B, C, and D are transmitted when a person is exposed to infected blood and body fluids. Hepatitis B is mostly transmitted by sexual contact, in contrast to hepatitis C, in which this route is most common in HIV carrier. It is important to highlight hepatitis D presents the same characteristics of hepatitis B, once this virus needs the hepatitis B antigen to evolve (Gorgos 2013).