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Common Sense Emergency Response
Published in Robert A. Burke, Common Sense Emergency Response, 2020
Exposure to low concentrations (1–10 ppm) is likely to result in eye and nasal irritation, sore throat, and coughing. Higher concentrations (greater than 15 ppm) are likely to result in a rapid onset of respiratory distress with airway constriction and accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema). Additional symptoms may include rapid breathing, blue discoloration of the skin, wheezing, rales, or hemoptysis. Pulmonary injury may progress over several hours and lung collapse can also occur. It is estimated that the lowest lethal concentration for a 30-min exposure is 430 ppm.
Respiratory system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Bleeding is thought to come from pulmonary arteries that have been exposed to systemic arterial pressure. Embolisation of the affected vessels may successfully treat an episode of haemoptysis but, as the underlying disease remains unalleviated, patients may suffer recurrent episodes of bleeding and return to the angiography department for repeat procedures. Initial assessment of a patient with massive haemoptysis is often with bronchoscopy and/or CT imaging.
X-Ray Dark-Field Imaging of Lung Cancer in Mice
Published in Ayman El-Baz, Jasjit S. Suri, Lung Imaging and CADx, 2019
Deniz A. Bölükbas, Darcy E. Wagner
The most common symptoms of lung cancer are cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, weight loss, and anorexia [14]. Patients at high risk, that is, patients older than 40 years with risk factors and symptoms, first undergo chest radiography. Unless a clear diagnosis can be identified using chest radiography, the patients may undergo computed tomography and/or positron emission radiography [4]. If suspicion of lung cancer is high, the patient continues with a diagnostic evaluation: (1) tissue diagnosis, (2) staging, and (3) functional evaluation.
Ex vivo treatment with fucoidan of mononuclear cells from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
K. J. G. Díaz-Resendiz, G. A. Toledo-Ibarra, R. Ruiz-Manzano, D.A. Giron Perez, C.E. Covantes-Rosales, A. B. Benitez-Trinidad, K. M Ramirez-Ibarra, A. T. Hermosillo Escobedo, I. González-Navarro, G.H. Ventura-Ramón, A. Romero Castro, D. Alam Escamilla, A. Y. Bueno-Duran, Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez
Main COVID-19 symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue, sputum production, headache, rhinorrhea, sneezing, hemoptysis, viral RNAaemia, lymphopenia, gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), pneumonia, dyspnea with hypoxemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac injury, cytokine storm, respiratory failure, and finally death (Huang et al. 2020; Chen et al. 2020a). Due to high mortality rates, it is imperative to develop a therapy based on the use of antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs, together with palliative symptom management as treatment for COVID-19. Currently, the best option to reduce the mortality rate is vaccination, as it has a substantial impact on mitigating outbreaks of COVID-19 variants; however, these vaccines must be available to people worldwide. Therefore, the search for substances as new treatments, complementary to actually used prescribed medical therapies, could be a faster and more cost-effective option for the recovery of COVID-19 (Delang and Neyts 2020).
Design of artificial neural networks optimized through genetic algorithms and sequential quadratic programming for tuberculosis model
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
Muhammad Shoaib, Saba Kainat, Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja, Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar
The tuberculosis model is discussed in this paper using GA-SQP. The symptoms of tuberculosis include cough, sputum production, fever, weight loss, night sweats, hemoptysis, anorexia, and dyspnea. The global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic has created an urgent need for early detection and effective therapy of tuberculosis patients, especially those with pulmonary TB who transmit infection. The discovery of TB's cause by German physician Robert Koch, which he revealed on March 24, 1882, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified as the agent. TB remains a substantial cause of illness and death around the world; it is estimated that one-third of the world's population is attacked with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with an estimated nine million people diagnosed with the disease each year and nearly two million dying from it [26,27]. According to a recent systematic study, those with diabetes mellitus (DM) had around three times the chance of having tuberculosis infection as people without the condition [28].
Characterization of CO and NO2 exposures of ice skating rink maintenance workers
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2019
Aaron Cox, Darrah Sleeth, Rodney Handy, Victor Alaves
Contaminants produced by resurfacers and edgers are associated with a range of negative health outcomes, although the severity of impact on health is determined by the duration and level of exposure.[13,14] Symptoms of CO exposure include headache, nausea, vomiting, and even death.[15] Excess exposure to NO2 can cause coughing, throat irritation, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), chest pain, and dyspnea (difficulty breathing).[14,15] There is also evidence of longer term effects as well, including possible chronic airways inflammation and increased susceptibility to respiratory infection.[16]