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Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Heel pain – plantar fasciitis is inflammatory thickening of the plantar fascia, usually at the origin from the calcaneum and is a common cause of heel pain. The diagnosis is usually clinical but in refractory cases ultrasound can be used to confirm the diagnosis, exclude other conditions such as plantar fibroma or fibromatosis or to guide steroid injection. Achilles tendon pathology is another common cause of heel pain located posteriorly. Chronic tendinopathy is very common as the Achilles tendon also carries a major load during ambulation and is subject to acute inflammation or tears sometimes related to relatively trivial trauma. Ultrasound and MRI can establish the diagnosis of tendinopathy and assess the presence of tears. Partial or complete rupture can be assessed. Dynamic ultrasound can also assess the tendon gap in complete rupture.
Designing for Foot and Ankle Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Plantar fasciitis, inflammation of the plantar fascia, causes pain at and in front of the heel, which often is severe with the first steps taken in the morning. McKinley and O’Loughlin (2006) point to several possible causes including weight-bearing activities (lifting heavy objects, running, or walking), excessive body weight, improperly fitting shoes, and poor biomechanics due to wearing high-heeled shoes or having flat feet. An orthotic, when combined with an adjustable soft splint worn at night, has been found to provide effective treatment of plantar fasciitis for some people (Lee, Wong, Kung, & Leung, 2012).
Computer-aided reverse engineering system in the design and production of orthotic insole shoes for patients with diabetes
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Paulus Wisnu Anggoro, M. Tauviqirrahman, J. Jamari, A. P. Bayuseno, B. Bawono, M. M. Avelina
The foot ulceration of a patient with diabetes may be healed using custom-made foot orthoses (Bernabéu et al., 2013) and proper fitting footwear can help prevent ulcerations and amputations. Foot orthotics can be implemented for pain relief to increase the heel cushion, correct flexible deformity, increase foot stability, and/or prevent skin breakdowns (Salles & Gyi, 2012). Custom orthotic shoes are promising methods for foot pain treatment and lower limb pathology; they allow an individualized prescription for designing personalized footwear with good fit and comfort (Ye et al., 2008).