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Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2016
David J. Baker, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, Jill R. Meara, John O’Hagan, Neil P. McColl, Caryn L. Cox
The haematopoietic system is the body organs and tissues involved in the formation and functioning of blood elements and includes the bone marrow and spleen. An adult has approximately 5 litres of blood in the body. A newborn baby has only 300 ml (80 ml per kg body weight). Blood is composed of cells (45 per cent) and plasma (55 per cent). Blood cells are formed in the bone marrow, which is found in cavities of bones. Blood cells can be divided into red and white blood cells and platelets.
Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2023
Revati Phalkey, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, John O’Hagan, Mutahir Ahmad, Darren Addison, Tracy Gooding, Timothy W Gant, Emma L Marczylo, Caryn L Cox
The haematopoietic system is the body organs and tissues involved in the formation and functioning of blood elements and includes the bone marrow and spleen. An adult has approximately 5 litres of blood in the body. A new-born baby has only 300 ml (80 ml per kg body weight). Blood is composed of cells (45%) and plasma (55%). Blood cells are formed in the bone marrow, which is found in cavities of bones. Blood cells can be divided into red and white blood cells and platelets.
Assessment of hepatic functions, hematopoietic cytokines and haematological parameters in people occupationally exposed to volatile petroleum hydrocarbons
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
Silas Ufelle, Kenechukwu Onyekwelu, Aneke Chinweoke, Daniel Ibegbu, Uzoamaka Okoli, Joy Ikekpeazu
The observed decreased platelets count was not significant in male case subjects and was significant in female case subjects compared with their respective controls. This indicates that exposure to petrol components resulted to thrombocytopenia. The thrombocytopenia was more pronounced in female participants than male participants probably due to gender differences in hematopoiesis. Hematopoietic system produces all the mature blood cells throughout life.25 Since sex is an important biological factor that impacts biochemical, physiological and clinical outcomes, gender-specific hormones have been known to play a role in hematopoiesis and function of some hematopoietic cells are regulated by sex hormones.26–28 There was decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit in female participants compared to the control. This is in agreement with the work of Okoro et al. 2006.29 The observed decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit in female participants indicate anemia in female participants. There was no evidence of anemia recorded in male participants as their hemoglobin and hematocrit did not decrease when compared with the controls despite the same exposure with the female participants. The observed anemia in the females could be attributed to their monthly menstrual cycle and gender differences in definition of anemia. By impairment of the hematopoietic system through bone marrow depression, petroleum fumes have been reported to change blood chemistry and induce anemia.29 The hematologic assessments showed that the levels of hemoglobin, RBCs and hematocrit of the exposed male petrol station attendants were not significantly greater compared to the controls. Our findings are in contrast with those of Ahmadi et al 201930 and Udonwa et al. 2009.31