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A Detailed Study on AI-Based Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus from Radiograph Images
Published in Chhabi Rani Panigrahi, Bibudhendu Pati, Mamata Rath, Rajkumar Buyya, Computational Modeling and Data Analysis in COVID-19 Research, 2021
Malaya Kumar Nath, Aniruddha Kanhe
Computed tomography (CT) and X-ray imaging of the chest can be utilized as an alternative to the RT-PCR test for accurate diagnosis and various stages of disease evolution (Shi et al. 2020). Easily available imaging techniques in all hospitals in India may be a quicker and cheaper method for diagnosis of COVID-19. These radiography images of affected individuals have similar lesions (Assistant 2020; Salehi et al. 2020). The most common pattern is ground glass opacity (GGO), which refers to the area of increased attenuation in the lung with preserved bronchial and vascular markings. The GGO is usually multifocal, bilateral, and peripheral. GGO may appear as a unifocal lesion (found in the anterior lobe of the right lung) during the initial stage of the disease (Salehi et al. 2020). These imaging techniques produce a large number of pathological images and need detailed analysis by radiologists. Manual evaluation of the infection is tedious, tiresome, and boring and also is influenced by individual bias and clinical experience. Sometimes, features of COVID-19 being similar to viral pneumonia may lead to false diagnosis when the healthcare system is overloaded. This leads to unnecessary utilization of healthcare resources.
Imaging modalities and challenges
Published in Rolf Behling, Modern Diagnostic X-Ray Sources, 2021
CT has become the workhorse of radiology with an ever-increasing demand and importance in practice, as proven in the COVID-19 pandemic, where CT images turned out specific early indicators. Figure 5.42 is a series of CT images from Dou et al. (2020), citing the paper: A 56-year-old male patient … developed fever, fatigue, and cough … The patient received six CT scans throughout the course of the disease. The initial CT after hospitalization … showed multi-focal patchy ground glass opacity (GGO) with a little fibrous tissue in both the lungs, involving all of the pulmonary lobes. The curve of density showed its highest value in the second examination, and then decreased in the first follow-up examination after discharge. The area of lesion also reached a peak value in the second imaging and then decreased. Compared with the admission CT examination, the density and area of lesion showed significant decrease.
War Snake Optimisation Algorithm with deep Q-Net for COVID-19 classification
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
G. Venkata Rami Reddy, Abboju Niranjan
A group of radiologists is needed to analyse COVID-19 disease and here disease result is changed based on individual experience and favouritism as this is an extremely subjective task for analysing this disease (Tadiboina and Kumar 2019). Furthermore, manual annotation of infection is a tedious process that is time-consuming with a huge count of patients rising day by day affected by COVID-19 (Liu et al. 2020; Castiglione et al. 2021). CT images are utilised as one of the main solutions for diagnostic analysis in the detection of COVID-19 disease (Castiglione et al. 2021). As a non-invasive imaging method, CT detects many characteristics, such as Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) or bilateral patchy shadows, manifested in lungs infected by COVID-19 (Huang et al. 2020). Consequently, CT is a crucial tool for earlier diagnosis and screening of COVID-19 patients (Huang et al. 2020). Images of CT show earlier lesions in the lung and they are used for diagnosis by radiologists (Qiblawey et al. 2021).
A novel hybrid heuristic adopted ensemble of deep learning models for COVID-19 detection framework using CT and X-Ray images
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
C Mary Shiba, M. Navaneethakrishnan, V Kalaipriya, E Jothi, S. Gowsalya
In 2019, COVID-19 was considered the widely spreading viral disease all around the world, in particular with most cases in America (Wang et al. 2020). The normal life of citizens was affected by this widespread COVID-19 (Wang et al. 2020). The lungs of the suspected patients and rapidly affects in their normal functioning due to the effect of the COVID-19 virus diseases (Ren et al. 2022). In COVID-19, the lungs of the infected people will get filled with fluid and then become inflamed. If a person is infected by COVID-19, then shadowy patches in the lungs known as Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) are attained as an outcome of the X-ray imaging or the CT scan (Fan et al. 2020). In addition to that, the communicable nature of the COVID-19 disease increases the spreading rate, which is very much faster than the detection or prediction rate (Peng et al. 2021). Different investigational findings have shown that it may lead to respiratory issues (Jiang et al. 2021).