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Micro-Optics for Illumination Light Shaping in Photolithography
Published in Fred M. Dickey, Todd E. Lizotte, Laser Beam Shaping Applications, 2017
The simplest case of a random diffuser is a ground-glass diffuser plate, as shown in Figure 5.28a. Ground-glass diffuser plates are usually manufactured by grinding, lapping, and sand blasting of glass plates. The finer the particles in the slurry, that is, the smaller the grits for the sand blasting are, the smoother is the surface and the smaller are the resulting diffusion angles. However, due to their rough surface structure, shown in the SEM image in Figure 5.28a, a significant amount of the incident light is diffracted, refracted, or reflected back or into very large angles and is thus lost in the optical system.
A feature-based affine registration method for capturing background lung tissue deformation for ground glass nodule tracking
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2022
Yehuda K. Ben-Zikri, María Helguera, David Fetzer, David A. Shrier, Stephen. R. Aylward, Deepak Chittajallu, Marc Niethammer, Nathan D. Cahill, Cristian A. Linte
Thin-slice helical chest CT images are used as standard-of-care to identify pulmonary nodules Henschke et al. (1999) and classify them as either part-solid (also known as sub-solid) or solid nodules Hansell et al. (2008). When smaller than 1 cm in diameter, these nodules are typically classified as incidental, benign findings, and only require follow-up CT imaging Fischbach et al. (2003). Part-solid nodules, on the other hand, feature a ‘ground-glass appearance’ – hence they are commonly referred to as ground-glass opacities (GGOs) nodules or ground-glass nodules (GGNs) – and are characterised by hazy, increased lung tissue opacities that don’t completely obscure pulmonary structures; in contrast, pure GGNs only feature ground-glass appearance, with no solid components. Unlike GGNs, solid nodules appear as focal homogeneous regions that completely obscure other different lung structures.
Active Control of Fuel Position in Opposed-Flow Strand Burner Experiments
Published in Combustion Science and Technology, 2022
Clayton M. Geipel, Christopher J. Pfützner, Brian T. Fisher
Figure 5 is a schematic of the implemented shadowgraph imaging setup. A ground-glass diffuser was placed immediately in front of a pulsed LED source (ISSI, LZ-620, nm), and a fused silica plano-convex lens (focal length mm, mm) was mounted in a lens tube, separated from the diffuser by . This produced a roughly collimated lightfield illuminating the burner. Images were captured through a zoom lens (Navitar, Resolv4k) using a high-speed CMOS camera (Photron, Fastcam SA5). A bandpass filter (Andover, 633FSX10–50, mm, nm, nm) was used to admit light from the LED source and reject broadband flame luminescence.
Effectiveness of binary and ternary blended cements of class C fly ash and ground glass fibers in improving the durability of concrete
Published in Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 2022
Omar Alsanusi Amer, Prasad Rangaraju, Hassan Rashidian-Dezfouli
Despite the improvement in properties of ternary-blended concrete, there are some implications of using each material. For example, silica fume is known to cause an increase in water requirements and plastic shrinkage [14]. Moreover, silica fume is more expensive than other SCMs and OPC itself [14]. Similarly, meta-kaolin can have a negative influence on the water-demand and hence workability, while the use of slag can cause significant concerns in cold-weather conditions [20,21]. The alkali level of glass powder from soda-lime glass is relatively high and is a concern that could affect the ASR performance [9]. Therefore, there is a need for other alternatives to be investigated, especially those substitutes that have not been considerably examined for beneficial uses yet. One of these materials is ground glass fibers (GGF).