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Design Growth of Nanophosphors and Their Applications
Published in Ru-Shi Liu, Xiao-Jun Wang, Phosphor Handbook, 2022
Ming-Hsien Chan, Wen-Tse Huang, Michael Hsiao, Ru-Shi Liu
The treatment of brain diseases has aroused considerable interest in research fields all over the world. Glioblastoma is the most malignant and aggressive brain cancer. Although many chemotherapeutic drugs can be used for glioma in the market, the blood-brain barrier prevents drugs from entering the tumor treatment area and the accumulation of drugs at the tumor site is poor. Therefore, it is effective and safe to open the blood-brain barrier and the target of the drug The tropism is the main problem of drug delivery in the treatment of brain tumors. In this research, a new type of nanocomposite material combining temozolomide (TMZ), nanobubbles (NBs), PLNs (ZGOCS@MSN), an aptamer AS1411 (AAp) was developed for bio-tracking imaging and treatment of glioblastoma and proved Its excellent therapeutic effect, as shown in Figure 10.16.
Brain cancer
Published in Ruijiang Li, Lei Xing, Sandy Napel, Daniel L. Rubin, Radiomics and Radiogenomics, 2019
William D. Dunn, Rivka R. Colen
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor. Despite decades of research, glioblastoma has a very dismal post-diagnosis survival time of slightly over one year.1 Different factors contribute to its aggressive nature and poor prognosis, including heterogeneous genomic and epigenetic events and adapting multiple signaling pathways that cause resistance to therapies.2 Promising research in the last few years has focused on the subtle molecular differences between patients (inter-individual) and within a single tumor (intra-tumoral) heterogeneity with the hope of discovering more effective therapeutics tailored to each person’s characteristics of each tumor rather than a “one-treatment fits all” standard of care approach.3 This new approach is considered the basis of personalized medicine.
Neutron Waveguides and Applications
Published in María L. Calvo, Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan, Optical Waveguides, 2018
Ramón F. Alvarez-Estrada, María L. Calvo
BNCT has been applied mostly to malignant brain tumors (gliomas, intra-cerebral melanomas and glioblastomas). In particular, glioblastoma (multiforme) has been one main target for BNCT clinical applications due to poor prognosis of patients after other treatments. In particular, there was some critical assessment by 2001 whether the results of BNCT therapies demonstrated significant benefits for patients compared to other treatments.95 Independent protocols appeared to indicate that BNCT can produce median survival in patients with glioblastoma that appears equivalent to conventional photon therapy. More recent results indicate typical survival of about 23 months for glioblastoma.98 The best survival data for BNCT are at least comparable with those obtained by current standard therapies for patients with multiform glioblastoma.97 A very important aspect is that BNCT treatments appear to give rise to improved quality of life. Head and neck tumors and cutaneous melanomas have also been treated. BNCT has also been applied to multiple liver metastases.92
Brain tumour segmentation and survival prognostication using 3D radiomics features and machine learning algorithms
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
J. Glory Precious, I. Keren Evangeline, S. P. Angeline Kirubha
Gliomas are the most typical brain tumour, with a disparate extent of combativeness, prognosis and spread throughout the brain. The Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) victims have a median survival time of around fifteen months. Tumours are graded on a scale of one to four by the World Health Organization. Low-grade glioma (LGG) tumours, which are largely benign and slow developing, are classified as Grade I and Grade II. Grades III and IV are high-grade gliomas (HGG), which are cancerous and have a high chance of reappearance. Because Grade I tumours are often benign, victims have a high chance of surviving for a long time. Early detection of a glioma will aid the radiologist in evaluating the patient’s condition and in determining the best course of treatment. Additionally, MRIs show high contrast for soft tissues and portray the tumour’s core heterogeneity, providing specific information about the tumour (Sun et al. 2019; Pei et al. 2020; Yousaf et al. 2020). Survival analysis is needed to aid in the formulation of medication and treatment plans. Traditional machine learning methods that use handcrafted features have shown promising results in this aspect. Several previous studies have proposed estimating the attributes of brain tumours shown on MRI scans in terms of various attributes, such as shape, texture and signal strength and then incorporating these descriptors into assorted analysis indices.
In vitro evaluation of curcumin-loaded chitosan-coated hydroxyapatite nanocarriers as a potential system for effective treatment of cancer
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Katayon Hemmati, Navid Ahmadi Nasab, Saeed Hesaraki, Nader Nezafati
Various researches have shown that a wide range of hydrogel nanocomposite networks in combination with polysaccharides/inorganic nanoparticles such as chitosan have been applied successfully [46,47]. Chitosan is a natural linear polysaccharide derived from chitin deacetylation and has desirable biocompatibility and low toxicity, making it useful in the design of drug carriers [48–50]. The amine groups in the main chitosan body, make it a suitable component in the preparation of pH-responsive carriers [51,52]. However, there are rare studies investigating the therapeutic benefits of curcumin-loaded HA nanoparticles coated by chitosan. Therefore, the present study focuses on the development of chitosan coatings and HA nanoparticles loaded with curcumin and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of the nanoparticles presented above in the treatment of cancer cells. The therapeutic potential of present nanomedicine carrier system has been demonstrated by various in vitro studies and the promising role of this therapy has been proposed in the treatment of glioblastoma cancer cells. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate a new drug delivery system for curcumin using nanocarriers of HA and chitosan. To achieve this goal, hydroxyapatite nanostructure was first synthesized and characterized. The chitosan biopolymer was then coated as a pH-sensitive polymer around HA particles. Afterwards, curcumin was loaded on the obtained sample. FTIR analysis was used to confirm the coverage of chitosan around HA particles and drug uptake. On the other hand, the spectrophotometric method has been prepared to determine the loading capacity of the drug and the efficiency of nanocarrier encapsulation, as well as to investigate the release profile of the drug in an acidic and neutralizing medium. Cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in U87MG cancer cell line were evaluated by tetrazolium assay and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. Invert fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were also applied to study the mechanism of nano-drug penetration into tumor cells.
Biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles using brown algae Spatoglossum asperum and its antioxidant and anticancer activities through in vitro and in silico studies
Published in Particulate Science and Technology, 2023
Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi, Gomathy Baskar, Bhagyalakshmi V, Sandhiya Viswanathan, Mugip Rahaman Abdul Wahab, Manoj Kumar Govindaraj, Asha Sivaji, Barani Kumar Rajendran, Senthilkumar Kaliamoorthy
Cancer is a complex disorder exhibiting a wide range of manifestations, progression, and prognosis. It has long been understood that cancer originates from a complicated interaction between environmental and genetic variables (Shejawal et al. 2021b). According to WHO, cancer will be the top cause of death worldwide in 2020, with an estimated 10 million mortalities (Piñeros et al. 2021). Despite improved medical and modern therapeutic approaches, it remains a life-threatening disease (Suganya et al. 2020). Astrocyte cells in the brain and central nervous system (CNS) may be aggressively destroyed by Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), according to the World Health Organization (WHO) (Thakkar et al. 2014). GBM carriers had a median survival rate of only 14.6 months after undergoing conventional methods, according to the data (Goldsmith 2019). Glioblastomas are the most common and malignant kind of tumor, accounting for more than 70% of all brain cancers (Ohgaki and Kleihues 2005). In spite of the fact that surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation are all standard treatments for GBM, the disease is still a major health concern for people (Van Den Hengel et al. 2013). Drug penetration into the central nervous system and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) has remained an unresolved challenge despite the availability of chemotherapeutic medicines for reducing the proliferation of cancer cells. Nanoparticles, with their very nanoscale characteristics and high surface-to-volume ratios, may assist overcome this difficulty by increasing the efficacy of chemotherapy treatments in the brain (Madani et al. 2020). One of the biggest challenges in cancer treatment is organ failure occurs due to untargeted chemotherapeutic drugs spread around and accumulating in healthy organs like the liver, spleen, kidney, heart, etc. (Bhutkar et al. 2022). It is well documented that the anticancer medication paclitaxel has an inhibitory impact against malignant gliomas when tested in vitro. On the other hand, paclitaxel has poor solubility, which restricts its ability to penetrate the brain (Caban-Toktas et al. 2020). Thus, the development of targeted drug delivery is necessary to eradicate cancer cells without affecting surrounding healthy cells and tissues. Targeted drug administration and selective controlled drug release play an important role in the optimum drug therapy, which maximizes the medication’s therapeutic potential to minimize its toxicities (Kamble et al. 2021).