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Nanomedicines for the Treatment of Gastric and Colonic Diseases
Published in Sarwar Beg, Mahfoozur Rahman, Md. Abul Barkat, Farhan J. Ahmad, Nanomedicine for the Treatment of Disease, 2019
Md. Adil Shaharyar, Mahfoozur Rahman, Kainat Alam, Sarwar Beg, Kumar Anand, Chowdhury Mobaswar Hossain, Arijit Guha, Muhammad Afzal, Imran Kazmi, Rehan Abdur Rub, Sanmoy Karmakar
The movement of food through the gastrointestinal tract is controlled by the vagus nerve. When the vagus nerve is damaged due to prolonged high blood sugar as in the case of type–1 and type–2 diabetes, is referred to as gastroparesis (Park et al., 2006). Retention of food for a longer period in the GI takes place (Park et al., 2006). Different symptoms that occurring this disease are loss of control over blood sugar, stomach spasm, abdominal pain, early fullness of stomach, nausea, vomiting, bloating, heartburn, gastro-esophageal Reflux, weight loss, lack of appetite (Park et al., 2006). X-rays, manometer, and gastric emptying scans are the diagnostic tools for gastroparesis. Adjustment in insulin injection dose is required for patients with diabetes, dietary fiber, medications, jejunostomy tube, parenteral nutrition, botulinum toxins, gastric neurostimulators.
Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation in Parkinson’s disease: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Hilmar P. Sigurdsson, Rachael Raw, Heather Hunter, Mark R. Baker, John-Paul Taylor, Lynn Rochester, Alison J. Yarnall
Gastroparesis, or delayed gastric emptying, are common and under-recognized in PD [158], with changes in the DMNV implicated [37]. The efficacy of VNS in resolving gastroparesis has been attributed to the vagus nerve role in the genesis and maintenance of nausea and vomiting, which are two of the cardinal symptoms of gastroparesis [159]. Two studies have thus far provided some evidence of a beneficial effect of nVNS on gastroparesis in non-PD populations [28,29]. Both studies asked participants to apply tcVNS to left and right vagus nerve sequentially for a minimum of three [28] and four [29] weeks. Both studies reported reduced gastroparesis in participants as indicated by reduced scores on the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index.