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A gait analysis laboratory for rehabilitation of patients with musculoskeletal impairments
Published in João Manuel, R. S. Tavares, R. M. Natal Jorge, Computational Modelling of Objects Represented in Images, 2018
Daniela Sofia S. Sousa, João Manuel R.S. Tavares, Miguel Velhote Correia, Jorge G. Barbosa, Carolina Vila Chã, Emília Mendes
According to several authors, the predominant methods for clinical gait analysis involve capturing the movement of human body segments with multiple image devices, monitoring the interaction with the ground using force plates and pressure devices, and recording muscle activity using electromyographic (EMG) devices during several gait cycles (Baker 2006, Chau 2001, Gavrila 1999, Davis 1997, Davis 1988). These data are used to analyse the gait pattern of a patient through the calculation of joint kinematics and kinetics in absolute 3D coordinates (global referential on laboratory environment) and relative 3D coordinates (local referential on patient’s body), through the knowledge of the ground reaction forces components and distribution of pressure over the plantar surface and also through the evaluation of muscle activation patterns.
Body Area Networks (BANs)
Published in Albert Sabban, Novel Wearable Antennas for Communication and Medical Systems, 2017
Wearable technology provides a powerful new tool to medical and surgical rehabilitation services. The wearable body area network (WBAN) is emerging as an important option for medical centers and patients. Wearable technology provides a convenient platform that can quantify the long-term context and physiological response of individuals. Wearable technology will support the development of individualized treatment systems with real-time feedback to help promote patient health. Wearable medical systems and sensors can perform gait analysis, and measure body temperature, heartbeat, blood pressure, sweat rate, and other physiological parameters of the person wearing the medical device. Gait analysis is a useful tool both in clinical practice and biomechanical research. Gait analysis using wearable sensors provides quantitative and repeatable results over extended time periods with low cost and good portability, showing better prospects and making great progress in recent years. At present, commercialized wearable sensors have been adopted in various applications of gait analysis.
Chapter 20 Biomechanical Measurements
Published in B H Brown, R H Smallwood, D C Barber, P V Lawford, D R Hose, Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, 2017
People are able to move around with relative ease, but exactly how do we walk? How do we put one foot in front of the other and why does it become very difficult for some people? The science of human walking is often called gait analysis. The basic mechanics of walking and running were described in section 1.7.2 of Chapter 1. However, in order to study anything it is necessary to be able to make measurements and in gait analysis these measurements are quite difficult. They fall into three main categories: techniques to measure the forces exerted on the ground during walking, instruments to measure muscle activity and instruments to measure the relative positions of the limbs and the movement of the body in space. We have already described some of the techniques for measuring the forces between the feet and the ground and some of the techniques for measuring muscle activity were covered in Chapter 16. We will now give some thought as to how can we describe body position and then how we can measure these descriptors. Table 20.1 gives some of the factors which have been used to describe normal walking. These parameters need careful definition if comparisons are to be made between measurements made in different laboratories. The stance and swing phases are defined for one foot and correspond to the time when the foot is either in contact with the ground or off the ground, respectively.
Clinical gait analysis and physical examination don’t correlate with physical activity of children with cerebral palsy. Cross-sectional study
Published in International Biomechanics, 2020
Anne-Laure Guinet, Neijib Khouri, Eric Desailly
In the context of planning treatments (include single-event multi-level surgery), a specific evaluation of walking is performed preoperatively using a three-dimensional gait analysis, to assist in surgical decision-making (Gage 1983). Gait analysis provides information on the kinematic, kinetic and spatio-temporal parameters of walking. A multivariate measure of overall gait pathology, such as Gait Deviation Index (GDI), a kinematic based index of overall gait pathology, have been developed to facilitate the interpretation of quantitative results (Schwartz and Rozumalski 2008). In parallel with this instrumented examination, the clinician performs a neuro-orthopaedic assessment (i.e. clinical measures) measuring passive joint range of motion, structural deformations, muscular strength, spasticity and selective motor control. Multiple parameters are evaluated by these two exams.