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Design Criteria
Published in M.M. Ayoub, Anil Mital, Manual Materials Handling, 2020
Biomechanics has been defined by Contini and Drillis (1966) as ‘the science which investigates the effect of internal and external forces on human and animal bodies in movement and at “rest”’. Winter (1979) defined biomechanics of human movement as ‘the interdiscipline which describes, analyzes, and assesses human movements.’ Frankel and Nordin (1980) defined biomechanics as the discipline which ‘uses laws of physics and engineering concepts to describe motion undergone by the various body segments and the forces acting on these body parts during normal daily activities.’ Given these definitions, several disciplines contribute directly to biomechanics as shown in Figure 3.1. Biomechanics, in turn, can be divided into general and applied biomechanics.
Introduction
Published in Terrence Sullivan, John Frank, Preventing and Managing Disabling Injury at Work, 2003
Ergonomics is the practice and science of “human-centred” design of work. This is to be compared with product or service or profitability or manufacturing process-centered design. More specifically, ergonomics is the process of designing, modifying or organizing tools, materials, equipment, work spaces, tasks, jobs, products, systems and environments to match psychological, social, anatomical, biomechanical and physiological abilities, needs and limitations of people. Thus, the scope of ergonomics involves not only physical and engineering considerations but also perceptual, cognitive, social and organizational aspects of work. Moreover, ergonomics includes interventions aimed at improving work at both the level of individuals (micro ergonomics) and at the level of work organization (macro ergonomics).
Using technology to unify the areas of biomechanics and textile
Published in Gianni Montagna, Cristina Carvalho, Textiles, Identity and Innovation: In Touch, 2020
L. Neiva, J. Neiva, L. Lorenzetti, D. Júnior
Biomechanics is a subject derived from natural sciences concerned with the physical analysis of biological systems, examining the effects of mechanical forces on the human body in movement, among others. In the last century, great progress in the techniques of measurement, storage and data processing was achieved, contributing to this study and to the better understanding of the movement of humans.
The next steps for expanding and developing sport biomechanics
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2020
Sport biomechanics is an area of applied biomechanics, of which the primary goals are to improve sport techniques through investigation and analysis of skilled performers’ motions, to design effective training methods, and to reduce the risk of injury. One important objective of the International Society of Biomechanics in Sports (ISBS) is to bridge the gap between the researchers and practitioners. To achieve this goal, the author has studied multiple topics in sport biomechanics, including: 1) Scientific activities of the Japan Association of Athletic Federations (JAAF), specifically the ‘Biomechanics research project of JAAF’, 2) Standard motion and classification of motion for various sports, 3) Analyses of sports techniques, 4) Developmental biomechanics, particularly basic human movements, 5) Inprovement loop and coaching of sport techniques, 6) Biomechanical database of standard motions, 7) Biomechanical data feedback, 8) Qualitative movement evaluation and diagnosis, 9) Performance analysis, 10) Education of sport biomechanics, and 11) Motion-decision criteria and objective functions of human movements, for example, which criteria decide contribution and recruitment of particular body segments.