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Assessment of Quercetin Isolated from Enicostemma Littorale Against Few Cancer Targets: An in Silico Approach
Published in A. K. Haghi, Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, Lionello Pogliani, Devrim Balköse, Francisco Torrens, Omari V. Mukbaniani, Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2017
ER refers to a group of receptors that are activated by the hormone 17ß-estradiol (estrogen). Two types of ER exist as ER, which is a member of the nuclear hormone family of intracellular receptors and as estrogen G protein-coupled receptor GPR30 (GPER) which is a G protein-coupled receptor. ERs are widely expressed in different tissue types; however, exhibits some notable differences in their expression patterns in which ERa is found in breast cancer cells respectively.41Tamoxifen is an antagonist in breast and is therefore used in breast cancer treatment.
Effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol on the neuroendocrine gonadotropic system and behavior of European sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2023
S Soloperto, S Olivier, A Poret, C Minier, MP Halm-Lemeille, C Jozet-Alves, S Aroua
Finally, the expression of the different estrogen receptors, namely the nuclear estrogen receptors (ESR) and membrane estrogen receptors (GPER), were studied. As in most teleost species, European sea bass possess three ESR (esr1, esr2a, esr2b) (Halm et al. 2004) and two GPER (gpera, gperb) (Pinto et al. 2018) genes. Reported effects of XEs on esr are extremely variable according to the species, tissue, life stage, and sex considered (Nikoleris et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2012). For instance, in the loach exposed to EE2, esr expression appeared to be more responsive in the liver and gonads than in brain (Zhang et al. 2012). In sea bass larvae, data demonstrated that neither esr nor gper were modulated by EE2 exposure, indicating that the expression level of estrogen receptors in the head do not appear to be sensitive to estrogens at this developmental stage.
The effect of sex hormones on skeletal muscle adaptation in females
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2022
Sarah E. Alexander, Alexander C. Pollock, Séverine Lamon
Estrogens and progestogens are the major female hormones. Estrogens are produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary, the placenta and to a lesser extent by adipose and other peripheral tissues, and are responsible for the development, regulation and maintenance of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics (Cui, Shen, & Li, 2013). The major bioactive estrogens are estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), and estriol (E3) (Cui et al., 2013). Progestogens, including the most abundant form progesterone, are primarily produced by the corpus luteum of the ovary and regulate the female menstrual cycle and pregnancy (Taraborrelli, 2015). The specific receptors for estrogens (ER) and progestogens (PR) are also expressed in human skeletal muscle (Ekenros et al., 2017). Unlike androgens and progestogens, which have a single receptor (the AR and the PR), there are multiple ERs found in both the cytosol (ERα and ERβ) and the sarcolemma of myocytes, including the g-protein coupled estrogen receptors (GPER), estrogen receptor-X (ER-X) and Gq-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (Gq-mER). These receptors act together to facilitate the function of female sex hormones in the regulation of muscle mass and contractility. The reason for multiple estrogen receptors in skeletal muscle is unclear but may stem from evolution.