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Extraction, Isolation and Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Waste
Published in Quan V. Vuong, Utilisation of Bioactive Compounds from Agricultural and Food Waste, 2017
Narashans Alok Sagar, Sunil Sharma, Sunil Pareek
Generally after the extraction of pectin from the fruits, there is ample scope to extract substances having antioxidant and antimicrobial properties from the leftover waste. The waste from Citrus limetta, Solanum lycopersicum, Musa sp., Psidium sp. and Citrullus lanatus was used for extracting total soluble proteins (TSP) and heat soluble proteins (HSP). HSP from S. lycopersicum was found to prevent the growth of Escherichia coli. HSP obtained from C. limetta and Musa sp. could inhibit Pseudomonas sp. Fusarium oxysporum, a fungal pathogen. There was no impact of HSP from C. lanatus on any of the pathogens. The fruit residues of Musa sp. and Psidium sp. also showed antioxidant activity alongwith high phenolic content. Thus, bioactive compounds from these residues are of great use in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical sectors (Farha et al. 2012).
Effect of Ozonated Nutrient Solution on the Growth and Root Antioxidant Capacity of Substrate and Hydroponically Cultivated Lettuce (lactuca Sativa)
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2020
Liang Zheng, Chao Liu, Weitang Song
Soilless cultivation with recirculating nutrient solution raised the question of nutrient solution disinfection in order to sterilize pathogens and reduce the usage of nutrient solution from environmental protection point of view. Ozonation could be a promising solution, as ozonated water (1.0 mg L−1) could effectively inactivate the Fusarium oxysporum conidia in sterilized water and inorganic soilless cultivation medium (Igura et al. 2004). However, because of its strong oxidative, residual ozone in the nutrient solution could be a stress factor that influences the growth and development of plants. Gaseous ozone at certain level has been confirmed as a harmful factor on the leaves, which induces inhibition of photosynthesis and damage to the photosynthetic apparatus (Chen et al. 2018). Oxidative stress promotes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the plants, and over accumulation of ROS would lead to destruction of cell membrane structure, and degradation of protein and nucleic acid, which will further influence plant metabolism and development (Vainonen and Kangasjärvi. 2015). Plants have evolved a complex antioxidant system to deal with ambient biotic and abiotic stress, thus minimizing the adverse effects of ROS on the development and physiological metabolism. Antioxidant enzymes in higher plants mainly include superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT). Under the action of these protective enzymes, the ROS accumulated under stress are scavenged in order to protect the cell endoplasmic system from damage (Mittler 2002). However, excessive ROS production beyond the scavenging capacity induces cell membrane peroxidation and leads to the accumulation of MDA.