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Preparation and Applications of Modulated Surface Energy Biomaterials
Published in Severian Dumitriu, Valentin Popa, Polymeric Biomaterials, 2020
Blanca Vázquez, Luis M. Rodríguez-Lorenzo, Gema Rodríguez-Crespo, Juan Parra, Mar Fernández, Julio San Román
The material incorporation into a biological system triggers an immediate and nonspecific adsorption of proteins on its surface, independent of its nature. This phenomenon will determine the subsequent biological reactions (platelet adhesion, activation of the foreign body reaction, etc.) so that the design of biocompatible surfaces requires a deep knowledge of the interaction between proteins and biomaterial surfaces (Ratner and Bryan 2004). Recently, the in vitro and in vivo studies on the interaction between biomaterial surfaces and biological systems have shown a remarkable progress which has led to the development of surfaces resistance to nonspecific protein adsorption as well as surfaces with selectivity toward specific proteins by immobilization of biomolecules or biomimetic ligands (Anderson et al. 2004; Levenberg et al. 2004; Goldberg et al. 2007; Vasita et al. 2008). Currently, the main lines of research in the field of polymeric biomaterials are focused on studying in depth the biological mechanisms involved in the interaction between the polymer surface and proteins that influence cellular response, on developing polymer surfaces for the repulsion of proteins; and developing polymeric bioactive surfaces by selective adsorption of biomolecules.
In vitro anti-inflammatory potential of marine macromolecules cross-linked bio-composite scaffold on LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells for cartilage tissue engineering applications
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
A. S. Sumayya, G. Muraleedhara Kurup
Inflammation plays a key role in the rejection of biomaterial implants. The initial immune response to an implanted biomaterial determines whether the implant will be accepted or rejected as a foreign body by the immune system [20]. The immune reaction to a biomaterial implant begins with an acute inflammatory response with innate recognition of foreign materials, which can eventually lead to the rejection of the implant [21]. The foreign body reaction is characterized by the presence of different immune cells including neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and lymphocytes at the implantation site and subsequent formation of granulation tissue, foreign body giant cells and a fibrous capsule around implanted biomaterials [20]. Modulation of inflammation is an important component to enable a favorable healing result associated with functional tissue formation, reduction of tissue damage due to inflammation, minimizing chronic inflammation and improving tissue regeneration [22]. Thus anti-inflammatory signals are compulsory to prevent rejection by the host immune system. Therefore, the choice of biomaterial is of the greatest importance, with an obvious preference for materials that cause a minimal acute response [23].
Methacrylated gelatin hydrogels as corneal stroma substitutes: in vivo study
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2019
Cemile Kilic Bektas, Ayse Burcu, Gokhan Gedikoglu, Hande H. Telek, Firdevs Ornek, Vasif Hasirci
Foreign body reaction is a normal response of the tissues to any biomaterial regardless of their immunogenic, toxic, and physically and chemically stable nature. The response of the body can be in the form of thrombosis, infection, inflammation and fibrosis that attracts phagocytic cells. It is thought that the phagocytes interact with the proteins adsorbed on the surface of the biomaterial upon implantation and this leads to a cascade of reactions for tissue repair [55–58]. A reaction following implantation, therefore, is a normal reaction of the body to repair the damaged tissue. The higher number of giant cells observed in 1GL implant is most probably due to the larger dimension of the implanted construct.
Additive manufacturing of metallic biomaterials: sustainability aspect, opportunity, and challenges
Published in Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering, 2023
Pralhad Pesode, Shivprakash Barve
For all clinical applications, biocompatibility is a crucial anticipated quality for 3D-printed parts. The degree to which a device is compatible with a biological system is measured by its biocompatibility. A variety of tests and techniques for assessing these components of biomaterials have been accepted by organizations like the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). These characteristics work together to provide the basis for “biocompatibility,” a term that is hard to define but is sometimes equated to biological safety. The ISO 10,993–1: 2018 standard defines biocompatibility as the “ability of a medical device or material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application” [174]. The idea of “inertness” has always been a part of the ideal implantable biomaterial, with fibrous connective tissue encapsulation being the anticipated host reaction. An item was deemed acceptable and desirable if it did not hurt the recipient. That is, it was recommended to use materials that had been demonstrated to be nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, nonthrombogenic, noncarcinogenic, and nonirritating [215]. Numerous research update and broaden our knowledge of the term “biocompatibility” [216,217]. Although the use of fibrous tissue to fill wrinkles in cosmetic surgery is anticipated, bone regeneration is anticipated to be free of cell toxicity, nonfibrous encapsulation, and an inflammatory reaction. The foreign body reaction, which culminates in the inflammatory and wound-healing processes after the implantation of a biomedical implant, prosthesis, or medical device, is the topic of research on macrophages and giant cells. In the first stages of implantation, biomaterials might lead to inflammation. For instance, the exothermic process that occurs when cement hardens on its own [218] and the acidic setting reaction [219] might be the reason of this. The most crucial elements are determined by the length of the inflammatory process, which should not be unduly protracted to avoid unsolved chronic inflammation [174].