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Central nervous system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Cerebral ultrasound through the patent anterior fontanelle is an important diagnostic tool in the neonate for detection of peri-natal haemorrhage and hydrocephalus, and rare congenital abnormalities and space-occupying lesions (SOLs). In experienced hands it is a quick, safe, and accurate tool, whereas in this age group CT and MRI is more complicated, often involving the additional risk of sedation. The anterior fontanelle usually closes by 2 years of age with a median time of around 14 months, after which it can no longer be used as a portal for ultrasound.
Neuroimaging
Published in Sarah McWilliams, Practical Radiological Anatomy, 2011
o Fontanelles: the posterior fontanelle closes by 3 months and the anterior fontanelle by 18 months (Fig. 1.6). This is used for access to cranial ultrasound. The sutures and fontanelles are important to assess in a newborn to identify premature closing or widening that suggests raised intracranial pressure.
Hybrid foetus with an FE head for a pregnant occupant model for vehicle safety investigations
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2018
B. S. Acar, M. Meric, Volkan Esat
The foetus head consists of scalp, skull and brain layers from exterior to interior (Figure 1). The brain is protected by the outer layers, mainly by the reasonably rigid skull of the foetus which consists of thin, flexible plates and soft bony tissue. There are four regions in the bony foetus skull. The frontal bones, the parietal bones, the occipital bone and face/base region. The skull of the foetus is thinner than the adult human skull and it includes a soft spot known as fontanel. This approximate 3 × 3 cm diamond shape area assists the bony regions of the skull to flex and allow the head of the foetus to pass through birth canal. Material properties of the fontanel are different than the foetus skull.