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Designing for Foot and Ankle Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Plantar fasciitis, inflammation of the plantar fascia, causes pain at and in front of the heel, which often is severe with the first steps taken in the morning. McKinley and O’Loughlin (2006) point to several possible causes including weight-bearing activities (lifting heavy objects, running, or walking), excessive body weight, improperly fitting shoes, and poor biomechanics due to wearing high-heeled shoes or having flat feet. An orthotic, when combined with an adjustable soft splint worn at night, has been found to provide effective treatment of plantar fasciitis for some people (Lee, Wong, Kung, & Leung, 2012).
Comparison of foot posture and foot muscle morphology between lifesaver athletes and healthy adults
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2023
Shota Ichikawa, Tsukasa Kumai, Takumi Okunuki, Toshihiro Maemichi, Masatomo Matsumoto, Hiroki Yabiku, Zijian Liu, Ryusei Yamaguchi, Arina Iwayama, Goro Ayukawa, Yui Akiyama, Hiroyuki Mitsui, Hisateru Niki
Arch height increases due to the development of foot intrinsic muscles (McKeon et al., 2015). Regarding flat feet and other diseases characterized by lower foot arches, exercises that train the intrinsic foot muscles, such as the short foot exercise, can raise the arch and improve balance functions (Lynn et al., 2012; Mulligan & Cook, 2013). The tibialis posterior terminates deeply in the tarsal and metatarsal bones and contributes to longitudinal and horizontal arch stability (Mulligan & Cook, 2013). Similarly, the flexor digitorum longus stabilizes the longitudinal arch (D’Aout et al., 2009). We show that the increased cross-sectional area of the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the foot in the lifesaver group may be accompanied by an increase in arch height. People who regularly walk barefoot have significantly wider feet and more spread out forefeet (Franklin et al., 2015), and the foot pressure under load is reported to be evenly distributed throughout the foot (Mickle et al., 2013). Here, the lifesaver group that engaged in barefoot activity on a sandy ground had wider feet. Moreover, this group maintained high longitudinal and transverse arches during WB, suggesting the beneficial effects of the evenly distributed load.
Prevalence of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms among nurses: a multicenter cross-sectional study in Bahrain
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2023
Husain Nasaif, Maryam Alaradi, Ridha Hammam, Muna Bucheeri, Maroom Abdulla, Hameed Abdulla
The reported vitamin D deficiency in our study was 32.1%, which might not represent the actual percentage because many nurses do not routinely perform the test. Some studies have reported higher rates of vitamin D deficiency among nurses, based on laboratory testing (43–89%) [38,39]. Our findings indicated that vitamin D deficiency increased the risk of developing musculoskeletal symptoms 3.5 times. In addition, having flat feet and not wearing anatomical footwear were correlated with lower back and neck pain. Studies have shown that flat foot is associated with spinal degeneration and impairment of lateral core muscle endurance, which may be a risk factor for back pain [40,41]. The temporal sequence between flat foot, wearing anatomical footwear and back pain was not assessed in our study.
Effects of foot orthosis on ground reaction forces and perception during short sprints in flat-footed athletes
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2021
Jun W. Ng, Lowell J. Y. Chong, Jing W. Pan, Wing-Kai Lam, Malia Ho, Pui W. Kong
Flat foot is identified as a foot with a lowered longitudinal medial arch. The reduction of a medial arch is linked to overpronation of the rearfoot during locomotive foot strikes at early stance phase (Aenumulapalli et al., 2017; Cunningham, 2008). Foot orthosis (FO), among other flat-foot management modalities such as taping (Siu et al., in press), is commonly administered to provide arch support and to reduce rearfoot overpronation (Aboutorabi et al., 2014; Cunningham, 2008). A recent review summarized that FO was effective in preventing overall musculoskeletal injuries and stress fractures across a wide range of activities from military exercises to sports competitions (Bonanno et al., 2017). There are essentially two types of FO used to treat flat foot: prefabricated FOs are ready made non-moulded orthosis, and custom-made FOs are moulded to an individual’s foot shape. Both prefabricated and custom-made FOs have been shown as effective in supporting the flat foot (Payehdar et al., 2016). Since prefabricated FOs are generally affordable and readily accessible, it is often the preferred option.