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Tissue Adhesives
Published in Chih-Chang Chu, J. Anthony von Fraunhofer, Howard P. Greisler, Wound Closure Biomaterials and Devices, 2018
Fibrin glue is nontoxic when pure human fibrinogen and thrombin are used. There has been no report that clearly shows tissue toxicity of fibrin glue. However, because the fibrinogen employed for commercial fibrin glue kits is obtained from the human blood of multiple donors utilizing precipitation techniques (e.g., cryoprecipitation, ethanol precipitation, cold ammonium sulfate precipitation, and poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation), cross-contamination remains a major concern. The most common method of concentrating fibrinogen is cryoprecipitation performed in closed sterile containers. There is, however, a risk of viral transmission, particularly hepatitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), although the latter has not been substantiated. In 1978, before the epidemic of AIDS, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned the use of commercial homologous products of fibrinogen because of the extremely high risk of hepatitis contamination. This concern has led to the limited use of fibrin glues as tissue adhesives in the U.S.
Biodegradable Hydrogels: Tailoring Properties and Function through Chemistry and Structure
Published in Joyce Y. Wong, Joseph D. Bronzino, Biomaterials, 2007
Andrew T. Metters, Chien-Chi Lin
Fibrin, another source of polymer for fabricating degradable hydrogels, has undergone extensive invest-igation. Fibrin, derived from fibrinogen, is found in the blood and polymerized by factor XIIIa to form a clot in response to injuries. Fibrin clot degradation is associated with a series of cellular enzymatic activities during wound healing. The most important fibrin-degrading enzyme is plasmin. Clinically, fibrin is applied to wound sites as a glue to stop bleeding after surgeries or dental procedures. Fibrin glue is obtained from mixing fibrinogen and thrombin solutions to form a fibrin clot [Thompson et al., 1988]. Although not approved in the United States because of the potential for blood-borne transmission of diseases, fibrin glue is commonly used in Europe for controlling blood loss.
A Novel High-strength Autologous Fibrin Glue Augmented with Biocompatible Polymers
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2023
Anindya Karmaker, Mahmudul Hasan, Shafayet Ali, Kazi Md Asif, Shoeb Ahmed
Fibrin glue, which is manufactured from blood plasma, is one of the most extensively used bioadhesives.[9–11] It can be used as a biodegradable tissue adhesive to help with hemostasis or as a sealer. It contains two key components: fibrinogen, including factor XIII, and thrombin, in conjunction with a calcium chloride solution, which imitates the last step of blood coagulation,[12].[13] When the two components are mixed, either as a two-component liquid glue or as a dry patch, thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin monomers, which then forms a polymer. Meanwhile, thrombin converts factor XIII to factor XIIIa in the presence of CaCl2 and stabilizes the network by crosslinking fibrin molecules.[13] Recently, fibrin-based scaffolds are also being used for various surgical applications due to their desirable characteristics such as biocompatibility, controllable biodegradability, and the capacity to deliver drugs, cells, biomolecules, and even bacteriophages,[14–16]