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Assessment of Myocardial Metabolism with Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Published in Robert J. Gropler, David K. Glover, Albert J. Sinusas, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, 2007
As mentioned previously, abnormalities in myocardial fatty acid metabolism underlie a variety of cardiac disease processes, most notably obesity and diabetic heart disease. Consequently, there is significant interest in developing cardiac MRS approaches to measure myocardial fatty acid use. For example, measurements of myocardial fatty acid transport into the mitochondria and subsequent oxidation have been performed with MRS using 13C-palmitate (60). Moreover, with dynamic 13C-MRS, it is possible to simultaneously assess fatty acid uptake, oxidation and TAG (61). Indeed, with this approach it has been shown that myocardial oxidation of endogenous fats (from TAG) is increased in a rat model of diabetes mellitus when compared with controls. More recently, similar combined measurements of myocardial fat oxidation and TAG turnover have been performed in isolated mouse heart demonstrating the potential of 13C-MRS to accurately phenotype transgenic murine models of cardiac disease (Fig. 5) (62).
Plant responses to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): a molecular perspective
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2023
Ayesha Karamat, Rouzbeh Tehrani, Gregory D. Foster, Benoit Van Aken
In their study focusing on the metabolome of lettuce plants exposed to PFOA and PFOS, Li et al. (2020a, 2020b) reported an alteration of the lipid composition and the fatty acid metabolism. They proposed that the observed reduction of linoleic acid was indicative of PFAS-induced membrane modification to improve stress adaptability and ROS removal. Studying the effects of PFOA and PFOS on lettuce roots, Li et al. (2020b) reported a decrease in linolenic acid derivatives (17-hydroxylinolenic acid) which they interpreted as a repair mechanism of damaged membranes. Alteration of the fatty acid metabolism was also observed at the transcriptomic level, as it was reported by Li et al. (2020c) in their study of aquatic plants exposed to PFOS in a constructed wetland.
Hepatic proteomic assessment of oral ingestion of titanium dioxide nano fiber (TDNF) in Sprague Dawley rats
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2022
Worlanyo E. Gato, Ji Wu, Isaac Appiah, Olivia Smith, Haresh Rochani
Results from DAVID analysis categorized the observed effects into biological process, cellular components and molecular function. Biological process was the most affected followed by molecular function and then cellular component (Figure 2). Some of the biological processes include; oxidation reduction (103 proteins), response to extracellular stimulus (25 proteins), response to drugs (32 proteins) and carboxylic acid catabolic process (37 proteins) among others. In the case of cellular components, categories include mitochondrion (143 proteins), cytosol (114 proteins), membrane-enclosed lumen (89 proteins) and organelle envelope (68 proteins) among others. Finally, the molecular functions had among its categories, cofactor binding (68 proteins), nucleotide binding (93 proteins), lipid binding (28 proteins) and antioxidant activity (11 proteins) (Table 3). Further, DAVID showed some pathways that were affected MF). Some of the pathways affected include fatty acid metabolism, PPAR signaling pathways, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glutathione metabolism and ribosome (Table 4).
Lowering the culture medium temperature improves the omega-3 fatty acid production in marine microalga Isochrysis sp. CASA CC 101
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Jeyakumar Balakrishnan, Kathiresan Shanmugam
Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) add a double bond to the growing fatty acid chain in omega-3 fatty acid metabolism. The mRNA expression of three desaturases Δ6Des, Δ5Des, and Δ4Des showed a significant difference in their pattern (Figure 3). Δ6Des is an important rate-limiting enzyme in the omega-3 pathway. There was no significant difference in the expression of Δ6Des between the two treatments. Furthermore, Δ5Des which add a double bond to eicosatetraenoic acid to form eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the omega-3 pathway. The expression of Δ5Des was highly up-regulated in cultures grown in low temperature (18 °C) than the cultures grown in (22 °C) (Figure 3). Finally, Δ4Des adds a double bond to docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) to form DHA in the pathway. The expression of Δ4Des was highly up-regulated in cultures grown in low temperature (18 °C) than the cultures grown in (22 °C) (Figure 3). The expression of two front end desaturases (Δ4Des & Δ5Des) is highly favorable for the cultures grown at low temperature indicates the high demand of EPA and DHA at the cellular level for the maintenance of cell membrane. Temperature shift favors the synthesis of long-chain PUFAs particularly EPA and DHA in microalgae for the adaptation of membrane lipids and internal organelles toward changing environment. Interestingly the mRNA expression of respective desaturases was highly similar to the fatty acid profile of microalgal cells grown at low temperatures. In RSM treatments, microalga grown under low-temperature treatments (such as R3, R4, R6, and R20) showed higher accumulation of EPA and DHA in their fatty acid profile (Supplementary Table 1).