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Laser-Driven Ion Beam Radiotherapy (LIBRT)
Published in Paul R. Bolton, Katia Parodi, Jörg Schreiber, Applications of Laser-Driven Particle Acceleration, 2018
Wolfgang Enghardt, Jörg Pawelke, Jan J. Wilkens
In external beam radiotherapy (sometimes called teletherapy or percutaneous therapy) the source of radiation is located outside of the patient. In order to deliver the dose prescribed to deep-seated tumours, the radiation species of a high penetration power has to be selected. Nowadays, beams of ultrahard X-rays, electrons and ions with atomic numbers ranging from 1 (hydrogen) to 6 (carbon) are primarily applied. The application of neutrons in therapy is very small. The usage of γ-rays from telecobalt irradiation units is steadily decreasing, since these devices were nearly completely taken out of operation in developed countries until the beginning of the 2000s. However, they still play an important role for radiotherapy in developing countries because of their robustness.
Multimodality Imaging for Planning and Assessment in Radiation Therapy
Published in Siyong Kim, John Wong, Advanced and Emerging Technologies in Radiation Oncology Physics, 2018
Matthias Guckenberger, Geoffrey Hugo, Elisabeth Weiss
Cervix carcinoma offers many opportunities for adaptive radiotherapy approaches with the goals of improving dose conformality, reducing normal tissue toxicity, and potentially increasing tumor dose to underdosed areas or areas of residual disease. These goals can be achieved by adjusting the dose plan based on individual patient characteristics of tumor volume regression, tumor motion, and setup reproducibility. MRI plays an important role in the development of adaptive radiotherapy because it provides 3D information about organ motion (see above) and tumor volume shrinkage. MRI-guided adaptive BT has essentially incorporated the adaptive concept where the MRI-based BT dose plan is adjusted to the individual patient’s 3D imaging information obtained prior to each fraction, which might include repeated CT scans (Rey et al., 2013). For external beam radiotherapy, no routine strategies of treatment adaptation have yet been established in clinic. Inter- and intrafraction organ motion (see above) and tumor shrinkage offer various opportunities to adjust the individual plans to these parameters. Most of the tumor regression occurs during external beam radiotherapy, with large interpatient variation in regression rates (Dimopoulos et al., 2009b). Depending on the timing of BT relative to external beam therapy, initial tumor volumes are reduced often by 80% and more at the time of BT (Hatano et al., 1999; Schmid et al., 2013). Several studies found tumor volume regression and reduction of signal intensity during treatment, as well as the amount of residual tumor after therapy, to be strong predictors of local control and disease-free survival (Mayr et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2010).
Recent advances in nanotechnology based combination drug therapy for skin cancer
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Shweta Kumari, Prabhat Kumar Choudhary, Rahul Shukla, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Prashant Kesharwani
There are many treatment modalities for MSC, which include radiation therapy (external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy), topical chemotherapy, cryotherapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, epidermal radioisotope therapy and surgery (electrodessication and curettage). Due to the targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, nanotechnology-based treatment approaches have emerged as attractive option in the treatment of MSC.