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Quantum Computing to Enhance Performance of Machine Learning Algorithms
Published in B. K. Mishra, Samarjeet Borah, Hemant Kasturiwale, Computing and Communications Engineering in Real-Time Application Development, 2023
Shiwani Gupta, Namrata D. Deshmukh
A quantum is the least amount of a physical quantity that may exist independently. Quantum mechanics is the collection of scientific laws that describe the behavior of subatomic particles, for example, photons or neutrons.
Secure sound and data communication via Li-Fi
Published in Sabyasachi Pramanik, Anand Sharma, Surbhi Bhatia, Dac-Nhuong Le, An Interdisciplinary Approach to Modern Network Security, 2022
Vibha Ojha, Anand Sharma, Suneet Gupta
The energy of a photon is proportional to the frequency of the light Light [9]. A photon is a particle representing a quantum of light. So, light and quantum properties are the same in terms of quantum bits, but some cybersecurity issues are achievable without increasing green energy. This concept will allow us to maintain the green data storage in the green data center through the green cloud computing services. Complexity always increases during data transmission when we use the larger blocks of data, but we can minimize the processing steps dynamically using Grover’s algorithm and light properties. Through this algorithm, secure communications between the users and the authentication server in the data center can be established. Also, we can reduce the complexity and processing steps while we are searching for the correct keys to maintaining the cybersecurity within the data center and cloud computing. In this research, cryptography based on Li-Fi provides cybersecurity solutions with less complexity that increases the storage capacity. Consequently, we can provide the green data storage for all types of data, including the big data, which is the big problem in industrial networking.
Signalling Flare Compositions
Published in Ajoy K. Bose, Military Pyrotechnics, 2021
So, a photon with this energy is released when an electron moves from the higher to the lower energy level in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The wavelength of radiation may be calculated using the above formula by taking the nearest values, λ=ch/Eλ=2.99792458×108m.second−1×6.63×10−34joules-second3.37×10−19Joules = 5.89.7 × 10 −7m = 589.7 nm which is in the visible segment of the electromagnetic yellow radiation. This is shown in Figure 9.2.
Fiber laser microcutting on duplex steel: parameter optimization by TOPSIS
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2022
C Gopinath, Poovazhagan Lakshmanan, Sarangapani Palani
The schematic diagram of a fiber laser cutting (FLC) machine is presented in the Fig. 1(a). The FLC has four main units, which include source unit, control system unit, cooling unit, and workstation. The workstation controls the three-axis motion and alignment of the work piece in the FLC process. The machining factors are controlled by the integrated computer in the FLC system. The FLC machine used in this work is yttrium-doped optical fiber laser MLS20. The machine operates with a power of 20 W, a wavelength of 1064 nm, and a frequency of 60 kHz. Generally, fiber laser uses an optical fiber to generate and transmit photons. The DSS2205 sheet of size 50 mm × 50 mm × 0.44 mm was chosen as the work material. Figure 1(b) displays the DSS2205 work sample with microholes cut on it by a FLC machine with a 100 µm spot beam diameter.
Quantum theory of light in a dispersive structured linear dielectric: a macroscopic Hamiltonian tutorial treatment
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2020
Strictly speaking, there can be no ‘photons’ inside a dense dielectric material. Photons are excitations of the electromagnetic (EM) field in vacuum, and involve only EM energy. Instead, inside a dielectric there are collective excitations of the EM and matter fields together, called polaritons. The energy they store and transport involves both EM and material energy, which are inherently coupled. If an atom embedded inside a dielectric emits a polariton, which is subsequently absorbed by a detector embedded in the same medium, no ‘photon’ is ever involved in the process. We will, of course, continue to use loosely the term ‘light’ for what propagates freely inside a dielectric.
Application of nanoparticles in cancer detection by Raman scattering based techniques
Published in Nano Reviews & Experiments, 2018
Rouhallah Ravanshad, Ayoob Karimi Zadeh, Ali Mohammad Amani, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Amir Savar Dashtaki, Esmail Mirzaei, Bijan Zare
‘Raman scattering’ is a type of secondary radiation (the radiation emitted by molecules or atoms after bombardment by a primary radiation). When an incident photon hits a molecule, it can be absorbed or scattered. The photon may scatter in two ways: elastic and inelastic. If the scattered photon has the same energy as the incident photon, then this type of dissipation is called elastic; otherwise inelastic scattering occurs. Photons which experience inelastic collisions with molecules cause not only an exchange of energy, but also a change in frequency. Moreover, the difference of energy excites the molecules in the ground state. This brings the molecule into a virtual energy state for a short period before inelastic scattered photon fallout. The scattered photon may have lower or higher energy than the incoming photon. The scattered photons with lower energy are called Stokes and those with higher energy are called anti-Stokes. The absorbed energy causes rotational and vibrational changes. These changes lead to a change in the molecular dipole-electric polarizability. The intensity of the Raman scattering is proportional to dipole polarizability changes. This contrasting feature allows one to analyze transitions that might not be FTIR active, via RS. In Raman spectroscopy typically uses a non-ionizing laser as the excitation source. Selection of a suitable source needs to consider properties of the sample and spectrometer. As this process is generally weak, because of a very limited number of scattered photons (approximately one in every 106–108 scattered photons), it has a very small scattering cross section which is 12–14 orders of magnitude lower than that of fluorescence. Some optimizations were performed in this method. As a result, several variations of RS such as resonance Raman (RR), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) have been developed, to enhance the sensitivity and to take stronger signals.