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Assessment of Quercetin Isolated from Enicostemma Littorale Against Few Cancer Targets: An in Silico Approach
Published in A. K. Haghi, Ana Cristina Faria Ribeiro, Lionello Pogliani, Devrim Balköse, Francisco Torrens, Omari V. Mukbaniani, Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2017
Skin lesion, lump, or ulcer on the tongue, lip or other mouth areas is usually small and most often look pale colored, dark or discolored where early sign may be a white patch (leukoplakia) or a red patch (erythroplakia) on the soft tissues of the mouth which are initially painless may develop with burning sensation or pain when the tumor is advanced. Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease are tongue problems, swallowing difficulty, mouth sores. EGFR is overexpressed in the cells of certain types of human carcinomas—for example in oral and breast cancers, whereas high expression of EGFR is frequently observed in many solid tumor types including oral SCC. This study investigated whether treatment with gefitinib would inhibit the metastatic spread in OSCC cells. This was evaluated using orthotopic xenografts of highly metastatic OSCC. There were observed Metastasis in six of 13 gefitinib treated animals (46.2%), compared with all of 12 control animals (100%). After exposure to gefitinib, OSCC cells showed a marked reduction in cell adhesion ability to fibronectin and in the expression of integrin α3, α, β1, β 4, β5, and β6.68
The Use of Machine Learning in Screening for Oral Cancer
Published in Raouf N.G. Naguib, Gajanan V. Sherbet, Artificial Neural Networks in Cancer Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Patient Management, 2001
Oral cancer is most often seen as a persistent ulcer with raised edges and a firm indurated base. Typically the lesion is painless, but patients usually state that the lesion has been present for some time, often months. At this stage, the lesion presents little diagnostic challenge to the experienced clinician; however, these ulcerated lesions are probably late in the natural history of the disease and at time of diagnosis the prognosis is already poor with over 60% of patients having loco-regional lymph node metastases [3]. A major goal for the prevention of mortality and morbidity is early detection of oral cancers and of potentially malignant lesions. Early lesions of oral cancer are often subtle and may easily be missed both by patients and clinicians. Most often, small lesions present as red patches (erythroplakia) or as speckled red and white lesions (speckled or nonhomogeneous leukoplakia). Although typical of early cancer, such appearances may also be seen as a result of other, nonmalignant, oral diseases. These lesions are often therefore dismissed as trivial and ignored. Precancerous lesions are usually white patches on the oral mucosa (leukoplakia), but other conditions may result in a similar appearance and white patches overall may be quite common. The problem for dentists and other clinicians is to decide which white patches are significant and which are due to simple causes such as frictional trauma. True leukoplakias which are regarded as potentially malignant are rare in the general population and of these, only about 5% overall may progress to malignant disease.
Bioimpedance spectroscopy and spectral camera techniques in detection of oral mucosal diseases: a narrative review of the state-of-the-art
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2019
Shekh Emran, Miia Hurskainen, Laura Tomppo, Reijo Lappalainen, Arja M. Kullaa, Sami Myllymaa
Fournier and Darier first introduced the name erythroplasia to describe a malignant dyskeratosis with the obscure aetiology in 1893 and termed it as épithéliome papillaire [15]. This rare lesion is typically asymptomatic, but a few patients may complain of a burning sensation in the mouth [15]. The most common locations of oral erythroplakia are the lateral surface of the tongue, the retromolar area, and the soft palate [17]. On biopsy and histopathologic assessment, oral erythroplakia regularly displays signs of severe epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or micro invasive carcinoma [15]. Oral erythroplakia carries the greatest potential for malignant transformation of all the OPMDs with a malignant transformation rate ranging from 14 to 50% [18] and thus early diagnosis and treatment of oral erythroplakia is crucial.