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Nanotechnology In Hyperthermia-Based Therapy And Controlled Drug Delivery
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Nanobiomaterials, 2018
Anamaria Orza, Christopher Clark
Additionally, the utilization of MNPs in hyperthermia-based drug delivery are increasingly becoming recognized as an attractive alternative treatment for various cancers (Hayashi et al., 2010; Gautier et al., 2012; Gillich et al., 2013; Halupka-Bryl et al., 2014). These alternative strategies prove the efficacy and tolerability of the drug by activating the magnetic nanoparticles with the external magnetic field and the activation can be targeted to the tumor site. Two designed photodynamic therapies containing liposomal formulations have shown potential use as anti-tumoral agents (Gillich et al., 2013; Halupka-Bryl et al., 2014). Encapsulation of magnetic liposomes that induce local therapeutic hyperthermia has been recently studied (Hayashi et al., 2010; Dou et al., 2014; Hardiansyah et al., 2014; Di Corato et al., 2015; Staruch et al., 2015). The results of this therapeutic method have led to tumor cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. This is a promising alternative for superficial malignant or premalignant lesions of various cancers.
Dose–Response Assessment — Quantitative Methods for the Investigation of Dose–Response Relationships
Published in Elizabeth L. Anderson, Roy E. Albert, RISK ASSESSMENT and INDOOR AIR QUALITY, 2019
This model, referred to as the two-mutation model, is best interpreted within the framework of the initiation-promotion paradigm in chemical carcinogenesis. One of the features of this model is that, unlike the Armitage–Doll model, it takes explicit account of cell division and death of intermediate cells on the pathway to malignancy. The postulates of the model are as follows. Each tissue contains a pool of cells (believed to be stem cells) susceptible to malignant transformation. Each of these cells has a nonzero probability of sustaining a (series of) critical heritable change(s) to its genome leading to partial abrogation of cellular control of cell division and apoptosis (programmed cell death). A cell that has sustained such an event is called an initiated cell. Initiation is a rare event, the probability of which may be enhanced or decreased by external agents. An agent that enhances this probability is called an initiator. Most DNA damaging agents, such as ionizing radiation, are initiators. Initiated cells may divide or die and may give rise to populations of initiated cells. A primary initiated cell together with its daughter cells is called a clone of initiated cells. The process of clonal growth of initiated cells is called promotion. Such clonal outgrowths of initiated cells give rise to premalignant lesions. Examples of such lesions are papillomas of the mouse skin, enzyme altered foci in the rodent liver, and adenomatous polyps in the human colon. Rates of cell division and apoptosis of initiated cells may be enhanced or decreased by external agents. Any agent that facilitates the clonal growth of initiated cells is called a promoter. Many hormones are endogenous promoters; many external chemical agents can act as promoters as well. Eventually, one (or more) of the cells in a premalignant focus sustains a (series of) further genomic event(s) leading to one (or more) malignant cells, and ultimately to a malignant tumor. The process of conversion of an initiated cell into a malignant cell is called malignant conversion.
Intelligent solution predictive networks for non-linear tumor-immune delayed model
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Nabeela Anwar, Iftikhar Ahmad, Adiqa Kausar Kiani, Muhammad Shoaib, Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja
Cancer is a global epidemic that affects all communities, regardless of economic or social class. The global response to cancer has been inadequate at best and prejudice at worst. According to a World Health Organisation (WHO) estimate, cancer is the second leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for almost 9.8 million fatalities in 2018, or one out of every six deaths (World Health Organization (WHO) report. https://www.who.int/health-topics/cancer#tab=tab_1). Stomach, prostate, lung, liver and colorectal tumors are the most common in men, whereas cervical, thyroid, lung, colorectal and breast tumors are common in women. Cancer is caused by the excessive multiplication of normal tissues, which spreads to surrounding organs and invades other sections of the body. There are three main forms of tumors: benign, premalignant, and malignant. Tumors that are benign could not malignant. The majority of benign malignancies are not hazardous, and they are unlikely to affect other body parts. Premalignant malignancies are not yet cancerous, but they have the potential to become so. These cells multiply and spread to other portions of our bodies. However, some benign tumors can progress from premalignant to malignant. It’s not unexpected that researchers are dealing with tumors and attempting to regulate them in order to improve the quality of life for patients. Cancer is a diverse group of neoplasms that grows at an unpredictable rate. Scientists are intrigued to work on it because of its unpredictable nature.