China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Imaging of Cardiovascular Disease
Published in George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos, Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
Aleksandra Kalinowska, Lawrence W. Dobrucki
Acute myocarditis still remains one of the most challenging cardiovascular diseases to diagnose and biopsies remain a common diagnostic procedure (Shauer et al. 2013). MRI has been recognized as a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tool for myocarditis and guidance for endomyocardial biopsy. MR has a unique ability to image tissue change and to detect characteristic features of myocarditis, such as edema, which can be visualized using T2-weighted images, or hyperemia and capillary leak, which can be seen in gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MR images. In acute myocarditis, myocyte membranes disintegrate, allowing intravenously administered gadolinium to diffuse into the cells, and as a result contrast enhancement in the tissue can be seen.
Molecular and Cellular Imaging of Myocardial Inflammation
Published in Robert J. Gropler, David K. Glover, Albert J. Sinusas, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, 2007
Routine detection of acute cardiac rejection is currently performed with periodical endomyocardial biopsy (43,44). However, for the same reasons as with myocarditis, the sensitivity of detection of transplant rejection using biopsy techniques is generally poor. In addition, transplant patients must undergo these procedures repeatedly.
Artificial intelligence: improving the efficiency of cardiovascular imaging
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Andrew Lin, Márton Kolossváry, Ivana Išgum, Pál Maurovich-Horvat, Piotr J Slomka, Damini Dey
The first applications of radiomics and texture analysis in CMR were for segmentation of LV scar in areas of myocardial infarction, enabling determination of scar size and a precise description of scar characteristics [106,107]. More recent studies used texture analysis for distinguishing between acute and chronic infarction [108] and performing myocardial viability assessment purely from non-enhanced cine imaging [109]. Several investigators have also applied texture analysis to distinguish between etiologies of LV hypertrophy [110] and to detect fibrosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [111]. Further, textural features may have prognostic importance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with a recent study demonstrating increased fibrosis heterogeneity on LGE imaging to predict adverse cardiovascular events [112]. Beyond structural heart disease, radiomics and texture analysis may enable more accurate quantification of myocardial inflammation. High intramyocardial inhomogeneity on T1 and T2 maps has been shown to perform better than the average T1 and T2 values for diagnosing acute myocarditis using either clinical criteria [113] or endomyocardial biopsy [114] as the reference standard.