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Normal Anatomy of the Female Pelvis and Sonographic Demonstration of Pelvic Abnormalities
Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
Sonography has been accepted as an important diagnostic method that is used regularly in the initial evaluation of patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy. Typical ultrasonic findings in ectopic gestation include the absence of intrauterine pregnancy, slight uterine enlargement with internal uterine echoes, and demonstration of adnexal mass and free fluid in cul-de-sac.60 As there are numerous clinical conditions that may present the sonographic feature of ectopic gestation, such as hemorrhagic corpus luteum cysts, pelvic inflammatory disease, or endometriosis, ultrasonic findings alone allow correct positive diagnosis in approximately 75% of cases.61 In fact, the only situation when specific ultrasonic diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy can be made is demonstration of a live embryo outside the uterus (Figures 52 to 55).
Reproductive system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
In this setting a good clinical history is paramount and initial imaging would normally be by ultrasound with TVUS. CT should be reserved for refractory diagnosis. Lower urinary tract infection should be excluded by history and examination of the urine. Ectopic pregnancy should be diagnosed by ultrasound in combination with clinical history and beta-HCG estimation. Ultrasound may be non-specific and reveal only a trace of pelvic ascites in mild cases, but in more severe cases of infection or ovarian torsion there may be diagnostic features [33]. If pain is persistent or recurrent, CT may be used to detect disease other than of gynaecological origin and may also aid in diagnosis of reproductive system disease.
Obstetrics and gynaecology
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Clinical diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is often difficult, with a history of a missed period present in only two-thirds of cases. The classic clinical triad of ectopic pregnancy consists of pain, vaginal bleeding and palpable adnexal mass. Like most classic triads, all three features occur in a minority of cases. Factors associated with an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy include increasing maternal age and parity, previous ectopic pregnancy and previous Fallopian tube surgery or infection.
Two new mixed-ligand coordination polymers: structural characterization and treatment effect on acute adnexitis via inhibiting fitZ gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2020
Chunfeng Fu, Ke Sun, Yongfang Deng
Acute adnexitis is a common reproductive system disease among women at childbearing age.[1] It is characterized by recurrent episodes of chronic inflammation, prolonged prolongation, pelvic congestion, adhesion of surrounding tissues and even fibrosis.[2] Because the particularity of the infected site, it is difficult for the relevant drugs to reach the lesion area. The acute adnexitis has a lower cure rate, higher recurrence rate, and more adverse reactions.[3] If not treated promptly and effectively, it may lead to ectopic pregnancy, infertility and endocrine disorders. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major bacteria causing acute adnexitis.[4] Thus, inhibiting the growth of the Staphylococcus aureus will be a new strategy of the acute adnexitis therapy.