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Role of Krüppel-Like Factors in Endothelial Cell Function and Shear Stress–Mediated Vasoprotection
Published in Juhyun Lee, Sharon Gerecht, Hanjoong Jo, Tzung Hsiai, Modern Mechanobiology, 2021
Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors) are widely used in the treatment of dyslipidemia [115]. As demonstrated by basic and clinical studies, statins also have pleiotropic effects apart from lowering cholesterol, including anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects. As demonstrated in the JUPITER trial, treatment of patients with evidence of clinical inflammation based on elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels but who were otherwise healthy and without clinical hyperlipidemia using rosuvastatin led to a reduction of cardiovascular events [116]. The effect of statins on endothelial function overlaps with that of KLF2. This fact led us to speculate whether there might be the novel link between KLF2 and statins. Indeed, we and others have demonstrated that multiple statins robustly induce KLF2 in endothelial cells [117, 118]. Importantly, knockdown of KLF2 inhibits statin-mediated eNOS and TM induction, indicating that KLF2 mediates statin effects [117]. Both MEF2 and Rho activity is critical for regulating KLF2 expression by statins. MEF2 directly transactivates the KLF2 promoter. Constitutive Rho activity downregulates KLF2 by geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate–dependent mechanisms [117]. By inhibiting the conversion of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) to mevalonate, statins lead to the depletion of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate.
Clinical Effects of Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 5, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Dyslipidemia is a known risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis and MI, but its role in intracranial atherosclerosis is less clear.839,848 High LDL cholesterol was associated mainly with extracranial lesions, whereas a high ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein I and low levels of apolipoprotein AI, the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein, correlated with intracranial lesions.840,849 In China, low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is one of the most common types of dyslipidemia and was associated with the development of intracranial artery stenosis in a cohort of acute ischemic stroke.850 Sex-specific differences were reported in two Asian studies. Hypercholesterolemia was an independent risk factor for intracranial atherosclerosis only in asymptomatic men, whereas elderly symptomatic women >63 years of age had significantly more intracranial atherosclerotic lesions and hyperlipidemia than men.836,841 Race and environmental factors may influence the effect of dyslipidemia on atherogenesis. Generally, individuals of Asian and African ancestry exhibited lower serum lipid levels than whites, which may be one factor explaining the lower incidence of extracranial and coronary atherosclerosis in both populations.806,834
Terpenoids Against Cardiovascular Diseases
Published in Dijendra Nath Roy, Terpenoids Against Human Diseases, 2019
Dyslipidaemia is another of the greatest risk factors for the progress of CHD and is primarily described by decreased levels of HDL-C or increased levels of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (Esmaillzadeh and Azadbakht, 2008). According to Russo et al. (2008), LDL-C and high concentrations of serum total cholesterol are autonomic risk factors for CVDs as per epidemiological studies. Both environmental and genetic factors strongly influence the plasma concentrations of cholesterol and LDL-C (Mota, 2016).
Physical activity diminished adverse associations of obesity with lipid metabolism in the population of rural regions of China
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2023
Xiaomeng Tan, Ruiying Li, He Ma, Yinghao Yuchi, Wei Liao, Xiaoyu Hou, Zijian Zhao
Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for multiple negative effects on human health, especially among middle-aged and older people. Dyslipidemia is comprised of at least one abnormal total cholesterol (TC), low- or high-density lipoprotein (LDL or HDL) and triglyceride (TG). (Opoku et al. 2019) According to a recent study, the high LDL has been controlled by effective prevention strategies in the past decades, but it increases steadily across moderate social demographic index countries, which has caused an increase in the number of deaths. (Du et al. 2022) Meanwhile, high LDL is ranked as the fifth risk factor for death. (Zhou et al. 2019) Furthermore, a Chinese national study shows that the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia is 33.8%. (Lu et al. 2021) And the comparable prevalent dyslipidemia (32.21%) is suggested by the baseline-survey of another cohort study. (Liu et al. 2018) Cardiovascular diseases are closely related to dyslipidemia, which is the major cause of the increased number of deaths in China and globally. (Kopin and Lowenstein 2017; Zhou et al. 2019; Du et al. 2022) Therefore, the economic burden attributed to dyslipidemia should be not negligible, (Ferrara et al. 2021) and it is necessary to identify modifiable factors of dyslipidemia, which is critical to prevent dyslipidemia and its related disease burden.
POPs’ effect on cardiometabolic and inflammatory profile in a sample of women with obesity and hypertension
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2019
Ana Ferro, Diana Teixeira, Diogo Pestana, Rosário Monteiro, Cristina C. Santos, Valentina F. Domingues, Jorge Polónia, Conceição Calhau
In respect to nontreated women, it was observed several correlations with the plasma levels of ∑HCH. First of all, there was a dislipidemic pattern due to a decrease of HDL-cholesterol and an increase of LDL-cholesterol. Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and related complications.53,54 Low HDL-cholesterol is one of the criteria diagnostic of metabolic syndrome, often with normal LDL-cholesterol.13 Accordingly, there seems to exist an influence of POPs in lipid metabolism, however since different POPs may be related to different metabolic traits, it is difficult to study this association. Besides, as dyslipidemia is an early manifestation of insulin resistance related conditions and it is often detectable before the development of clinical diagnostic criteria of T2DM, lipid concentrations may be intermediaries in the associations between POPs and type 2 diabetes.55 In addition, it was observed a positive correlation with 10-year CVD risk, in a population already at risk because of severe obesity and hypertension.