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Clinical Progresses in Regenerative Dentistry and Dental Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
One crucial feature of pulp cells is their odontoblastic differentiation potential which is why they are called odontoblastoid cells, as these cells appear to synthesize and secrete dentin matrix like the odontoblasts cells they replace. Human pulp cells can be induced in vitro to differentiate into cells of odontoblastic phenotype, characterized by polarized cell bodies and accumulation of mineralized nodules (Couble et al. 2000). DPSCs isolated with enzyme treatment of pulp tissues form CFU Fs with various characteristics (Gronthos et al. 2000; Huang et al. 2006). If seeded onto dentin, some DPSCs are capable of generating new stem cells or multilineage differentiation into odontoblasts, adipocytes and neural-like cells. This stem cell behavior occurs following cryopreservation, signifying the potential use of frozen tissues for stem cell isolation (Zhang et al. 2006). Pulp cells can proliferate and differentiate into odontoblast-like cells processes, extending into dentinal tubules when in contact with chemo-mechanically treated dentine surface in an in vitro situation. This is a requirement for the secretion of new dentine (Huang et al. 2006).
Nanoindentation of Tooth Tissues
Published in Michelle L. Oyen, Handbook of Nanoindentation with biological applications, 2019
The dentin structurally consists of tubular, peritubular and intertubular dentin (Fig. 8-22). As a result of cell activity of odontoblasts and due to the insertion of the odontoblasts process into the mineralized structure, dentin forms its tubular pattern characteristic feature (Fig. 8-2). From the outer surface of the dentin to the area nearest the pulp, these tubules follow an S-shaped path. The diameter and density of the tubules are greatest near the pulp.26 Tapering from the inner to the outermost surface, they have a diameter of 2.5 lam near the pulp, 1.2 µm in the middle of the dentin, and 900 nm at the dentino-enamel junction. Their density is 59,000 to 76,000 per square millimeter near the pulp, whereas the density is only half as much near the enamel. Dentinal tubules give high permeability to the dentin. In addition to an odontoblast process, the tubule contains dentinal fluid, a complex mixture of proteins, such as albumin, transferrin, tenascin and proteoglycans.26 In addition, there are branching canalicular systems that connect to each other to form a complex network. Dentin tubules are surrounded by highly calcified peritubular dentin, which is more radio-opaque and electron-dense than intertubular dentin. The less calcified intertubular structure, which contains more organic material than peritubular dentin, comprises the remaining dentin body and lies between regions of peritubular dentin.
Nanoindentation of Teeth: A Hard but Tough Hybrid Functionally Graded Composite
Published in Arjun Dey, Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Nanoindentation of Natural Materials, 2018
Nilormi Biswas, Anoop Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Arjun Dey
Tapering from the inner- to the outermost surface, they have a diameter of 2.5 nm near the pulp, 1.2 nm in the middle of the dentine, and 900 nm at the DEJ [27]. Their density is 59,000 to 76,000 per square millimeter near the pulp, whereas the density is only half as much near the enamel. Dentinal tubules give high permeability to the dentine. In addition to an odontoblast process, the tubule contains dentinal fluid. This dentinal fluid is a complex mixture of proteins, such as albumin, transferrin, tenascin, and proteoglycans [28]. In addition, there are branching canalicular systems that connect to each other to form a complex network. Dentine tubules are surrounded by highly calcified peritubular dentine, which is more radio-opaque and electron-dense than intertubular dentine. The less calcified intertubular structure, which contains more organic material than peritubular dentine, comprises the remaining dentine body and lies between regions of peritubular dentine [28].
An in vitro model to assess effects of a desensitising agent on bacterial biofilm formation
Published in Acta Biomaterialia Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Jamie Coulter, Nicholas S. Jakubovics, Philip M. Preshaw, Matthew J. German
Dentine hypersensitivity occurs when a tooth with exposed dentine interprets relatively innocuous stimuli as noxious [1]. One explanation for dentine hypersensitivity is the hydrodynamic theory; this stipulates that a stimulus causes movement of fluid within dentine tubules resulting in nerve depolarisation and a painful stimulus. Thus, dentine tubules exposed to temperature changes or air pressure could result in fluid movement and pain [2]. Some treatments such as the desensitising agents added to dentifrices focus upon blocking or occluding the dentinal tubules in an attempt to reduce sensitivity. One product which works via this mechanism is calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS). This forms a layer of carbonated hydroxyapatite crystals on dentine when in contact with an aqueous environment [3]. CSPS occludes significantly more dentine tubules and decreases dentine permeability significantly more than other control toothpastes [4,5].
Advanced materials and technologies for oral diseases
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Hao Cui, Yan You, Guo-Wang Cheng, Zhou Lan, Ke-Long Zou, Qiu-Ying Mai, Yan-Hua Han, Hao Chen, Yu-Yue Zhao, Guang-Tao Yu
Trauma, abrasion, and acid erosion often cause dentin tubules to be exposed in the mouth, and external stimuli can cause fluid flow in the dentin tubules, ultimately leading pulpal reactive pain [87]. Sealing the dentin tubules and avoiding the transmission of irritation are the keys to solving the problem of dentin hypersensitivity. In recent years, a number of desensitizers designed to seal dentin tubules have become available [88]. However, the dissolution of most materials in the oral cavity and poor penetration has resulted in the short-term efficacy of desensitization therapy. In contrast, considering that the average diameter of dentinal tubules is about 1–2.5 μm, nano-sized dental materials are more likely to play advantage in treating dentin hypersensitivity.
A Deep Learning Approach for Classification of Dentinal Tubule Occlusions
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2022
Anday Duru, İsmail Rakıp Karaş, Fatih Karayürek, Aydın Gülses
Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) has been defined as a short, sharp pain when the dentinal tubules of a vital tooth are exposed to thermal, evaporative, tactile osmotic, and/or chemical stimuli that cannot be described by any other dental defect or pathology (Addy 2002). The most widely accepted theory for pain mechanism in DH was proposed by Brännström, Lindén, and Aström (1967). According to this hydrodynamic theory, exposed dentinal tubules to the oral environment under certain stimuli allow the movement of tubule fluid, which indirectly stimulates the extremities of pulp nerves and causes DH.