China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Chitin and Chitosan and Their Polymers
Published in Abdullah Al-Mamun, Jonathan Y. Chen, Industrial Applications of Biopolymers and their Environmental Impact, 2020
Md. Saifur Rahaman, Jahid M.M. Islam, Md. Serajum Manir, Md. Rabiul Islam, Mubarak A. Khan
Low pH (acidic) in the body is the reason for almost all oral degenerative diseases, including tooth decay. People with a dry mouth syndrome experience mouth acidity caused by saliva thickening or drying up because of dehydration. Chitosan-thioglycolic-mercaptonicotinamide conjugates manifested improved swelling and cohesive characteristics compared with unmodified chitosan, and were promising for therapy of dry mouth syndrome, in which the necessary conditions are mucoadhesiveness and lubrication of the mucosa [161].
Biomimetic Approaches for the Design and Development of Multifunctional Bioresorbable Layered Scaffolds for Dental Regeneration
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Campodoni Elisabetta, Dozio Samuele Maria, Mulazzi Manuela, Montanari Margherita, Montesi Monica, Panseri Silvia, Sprio Simone, Tampieri Anna, Sandri Monica
As described earlier, the development of a suitable biomaterial for dentin regeneration starts from the study of natural tissue. Teeth are hard, calcified structures found in the jaws (or mouths) with complex structures consisting of enamel and dentin supported by connective tissues (cementum, PDL and alveolar bone). As bone tissue, the dentin’s structure is the most voluminous mineralized tooth’s tissue formed by microscopic longitudinal dentinal tubules and is made of mineral phase, organic and water (75, 20 and 5%) (Burwell et al. 2012; Besinis et al. 2015). Several causes such as periodontal diseases, profound caries and trauma lead to partial or full edentulism decreasing the individual’s quality of life. Current solutions are still based on fixed prosthesis and full/partial dentures, however, due to their great limitation, finding a better solution is still a challenge. Material science intends to explore new approaches based on biomimesis of the damage tissue, designing biomaterials conceived as ideal matrices for cells homing and stimulation in the regenerative direction.
Recombinant DNA Technology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
A bacterium having a simple genetic makeup was the first organism to be modified in the laboratory. Bacteria are now used for several purposes and are particularly important in producing large amounts of therapeutic proteins for treating various ailments and diseases, such as the genetically modified (GM) bacteria used to produce the protein insulin to treat diabetes. Similar bacteria have been used to produce clotting factors to treat hemophilia and human growth hormone to treat various forms of dwarfism. In addition to the use of GM bacteria to make therapeutic proteins, GM bacteria are also being used to treat dental disease. For example, tooth decay is caused by the bacteria Streptococcus mutans; these bacteria consume leftover sugars in the mouth, producing lactic acid that corrodes tooth enamel and ultimately causes cavities. Scientists have recently modified Streptococcus mutans so that they do not produce lactic acid. These transgenic bacteria, if properly colonized in a person’s mouth, could reduce the formation of cavities. In recent research, transgenic microbes have also been used to kill or hinder tumors. GM bacteria are also used in some soils to facilitate crop growth and to produce chemicals that are toxic to crop pests.
Study of mechanical properties of micromachined dental implants
Published in Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 2019
Richard York, Marc Doumit, Michel Nganbe, Alexander Helal
There is a myriad of ways in which someone may experience an injury relating to the jaw or mouth. When injuries cause the loss of one or more teeth, it may become necessary to have them replaced. Dental implant is a common dental procedure to remedy this issue, which provides a replacement for the foundation of a tooth. An implant consists of an anchor set into the jawbone, an abutment to which the crown is affixed, an attachment screw to connect the abutment to the anchor, and a replacement tooth or crown. Most patients, who are in good health, are generally considered suitable candidates for dental implants. In the U.S., more than 15 million people currently have a crown or bridge replacements for missing teeth, at least 3 million of those with dental implants, and this number is expected to grow by approximately 500 000 people per year [1].