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Nanoindentation of Tooth Tissues
Published in Michelle L. Oyen, Handbook of Nanoindentation with biological applications, 2019
The consumption of soft-, sport-, and energy-drinks has increased significantly over the last few years. The refreshing taste of many soft drinks and fruit juices is based mainly on their content of different acids. Beyond improving taste, acids in soft drinks may exhibit additional functions, such as preservation or stabilization of the drinks. It is known that an acidic environment has potential harmful effects—namely dental erosion—on dental hard tissues, especially the outermost enamel. During erosion, calcium and phosphate ions are dissolved from the enamel, which eventually leads to a collapse of the enamel surface structure and loss of the outermost enamel layers. A key factor for soft drinks on the erosion of dental enamel is related to the early stages of enamel demineralization at the tooth-soft drink interface, as at this stage the demineralization process was assumed to be reversible by saliva-induced remineralization. Nevertheless, evaluation of the early stages of enamel demineralization was not accessible for investigation until recently due to a lack of suitable technology.
Effect of fluoride varnish on glass ionomer microhardness changes in endogenous acid erosion challenge
Published in Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry, 2021
Fatemeh Moharramkhani, Ladan Ranjbar Omrani, Mahdi Abbasi, Mohammad Javad Kharrazifard, Elham Ahmadi
Dental erosion occurs as the result of exposure of tooth structure to acid attacks without the involvement of microorganisms [1,2]. The reported prevalence of dental erosion varies from 27 to 83% [3]. Dental erosion is caused by the interaction of chemical, biological and behavioral factors [4,5]. Chemical factors, such as the dietary (extrinsic) and gastric (intrinsic) acids prompt softening and degradation of tooth structure [2,6,7]. The erosive property of gastric acid is significantly higher than that of acids present in the nutritional regimen. The pH of gastric acid is very low (<2) and below the critical pH for enamel demineralization (5.5) [8].