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Development of an image processing based algorithm to define trabecular bone mechanical properties using the fabric tensor concept
Published in J. Belinha, R.M. Natal Jorge, J.C. Reis Campos, Mário A.P. Vaz, João Manuel, R.S. Tavares, Biodental Engineering V, 2019
M. Marques, J. Belinha, R.M. Natal Jorge, A.F. Oliveira
In this section are illustrated some results obtained using the medical image and the benchmark images. The medical image was acquired using cuboid bone micro-CT DICOM, from which it was selected a ROI possessing a perceptible material orientation. The two benchmarks images were created using MATLAB, where one of them has a material direction of τ = 0°, Figure 1a, and the other one, Figure 1b, has a material direction of τ = 45°. To test the behaviour of the developed methodology were created five Iplτ with τ = [0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°], Figure 3 that represent the MIL parallel lines family for τ = [0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°]. The increment of the orientation, τ, was defined as 45° to simplify the visualization of the following images. In Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, are represented for each tested image, the five Iplτ where are represented the family of parallel lines, the red pixels Rpx, the IROIBW, the dark blue pixels DBpx, and the interceptions between IfilteredRxpl and Iplτ, the cyan blue pixels CBpx.
The Lower Extremities
Published in Melanie Franklyn, Peter Vee Sin Lee, Military Injury Biomechanics, 2017
The talus rests on the anterior two-thirds of the calcaneus (Moore et al. 2011). The calcaneus is the largest and strongest bone of the foot and transmits the majority of the body weight from the talus to the ground. The posterior portion of the calcaneus serves as the insertion point for the Achilles tendon. The head of the talus is supported by the talar shelf of the calcaneus. It also articulates with the navicular. The navicular bone resides on the medial side of the foot and has three strongly concave proximal articular surfaces for each of the three cuneiform bones. The medial, middle and lateral cuneiforms articulate with the first, second and third metatarsal bones, respectively, via a tarsometatarsal joint. Residing medial of the cuneiform is the cuboid bone. The lateral cuneiform and navicular bones articulate with the medial surface of the cuboid bone. The cuboid bone also articulates with the fourth and fifth metatarsal bones forming the tarsometatarsal joint and with the calcaneus proximally at the calcaneocuboid joint. The metatarsals connect the tarsus to the 14 phalanges. Each phalange is constructed of three bones except the first phalange which consists of two bones (Moore et al. 2011).
Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Musculus flexor hallucis brevis is situated under the abductor hallucis. Insertion: The origin is on the medial part of the cuboid bone (plantar surface) and the lateral cuneiform bone. It is distally inserted with two fascicules. Both are on the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe; the medial part is on the medial side and the lateral part is on the lateral side of the big toe. Action: It is the flexor of the big toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint. Innervation is assured by the medial plantar nerve.
Biomechanical modeling of the diabetic foot ulcer risk to guide surgery
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
A. Perrier, L. Gatin, M. Bucki, A. Geffrier, P. Denormandie, Y. Payan
Strain clusters’ volume analysis shows that for this patient, stiffness changes have a small influence on the risk for deep tissue injury. Indeed, cluster volumes with strains between 20% and 50%, as well as those above 50% decrease only slightly despite a significant decrease of the insole’s Young’s modulus. Pressure ulcer risk seems therefore to be still present despite softer insoles. This result might explain why this patient had systematic wound recurrence despite the use of various foot orthoses adapted in shape and material. For this patient, the therapeutic solution finally chosen was to reduce tissue compression by surgically cutting the cuboid bone.