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Designing for Lower Torso and Leg Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The tibialis anterior is the largest muscle at the front of the leg. It extends (dorsiflexes) the ankle and produces subtle contours of the anterior leg. The anterior leg muscles are active if you “walk on your heels.” When the tibialis anterior is weak, the foot “drops” while walking, increasing risks for tripping and falling and increasing the energy demands of walking. AFOs are frequently used for foot drop to keep the foot at a 90° angle with the anatomical leg and make walking safer and easier. Fibularis longus (a long, narrow muscle) extends from the fibular head (a prominence of the proximal fibula) around the posterior of the lateral ankle to the bottom of the foot near the big toe. Feel the fibularis longus’ action: (1) place your hand over the mid-portion of the muscle on the outside of your leg, (2) raise the outside edge of your foot off the floor to feel the muscle contract. Read more about ankle, foot, and toe muscles in Chapter 8.
Surface Electromyogram Feature Set Optimization for Lower Limb Activity Classification
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Rohit Gupta, Inderjeet Singh Dhindsa, Ravinder Agarwal
SEMG signals from two lower limb muscles were acquired. Human lower limb activities result due to the synergetic movement of hip, knee and ankle joints. The first muscle considered in the present study is Fibularis longus (FL). It is a below knee muscle responsible for ankle foot movements. The second muscle is Biceps Femoris (BF). It is an above knee muscle responsible for knee and hip movements. SENIAM recommendations were followed to localize the sensor position of the selected muscles [41]. Five crucial daily life lower limb activities, namely, Plain Walk (PW), Stair Ascend (SA) Stair Descend (SD), Ramp Ascend (RA) and Ramp Descend (RD) were considered for the current study. The signal was acquired using wireless, NeXus-10, TMSi, SEMG signal acquisition module with disposable, self-adhesive Ag/AgCl snap electrodes keeping the reference electrode at knee. The sampling frequency and resolution of ADC was 2048 Hz and 24 bit, respectively [42]. Each subject was asked to maintain nominal speed, while training for 10 minutes in each activity. The training was followed by 20 min rest after that, 10 samples of each activity were recorded; each sample consists of 5 gait cycles. To avoid the muscle fatigue, resting time of 20 min was provided after recording of each activity sample.