Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Endocrine system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
A high frequency linear probe is selected, usually 10–12 MHz. The operator should begin scanning in the lower anterior part of the neck, just below the cricoid cartilage, with the probe in a transverse orientation (Fig. 10.14a), to see the thyroid isthmus. Starting with the right lobe of the thyroid, the probe is moved slightly laterally from the starting position and angled towards the midline of the neck just enough to maintain contact between the neck and the probe surface. This demonstrates the right lobe of the thyroid and its surrounding structures in transverse section. Moving the probe cranially and caudally in this plane ensures visualisation of both upper and lower poles of the thyroid in transverse section. Turning the probe 90° enables a longitudinal image of the right lobe of the thyroid to be obtained. Slight rocking of the probe in this plane ensures imaging of the whole thyroid in longitudinal section. This procedure is repeated for the left lobe (Fig. 10.14b).
Designing for Head and Neck Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The upper airway is protected from fluids and solids by movements of the epiglottis, a laryngeal cartilage just above the larynx (Figure 3.10), the structure that allows us to produce sound. Structures of the mouth (tongue, teeth, and lips) modify the sound produced by the vocal cords and larynx into intelligible speech. The vocal cords lie at the base of the larynx (Figure 3.10 sagittal section, Figure 3.13 transverse section), just above the cricoid cartilage, a ring of cartilage inferior to the thyroid cartilage which marks the beginning of the trachea. The vocal cords provide further protection from liquids and solids for the trachea, or windpipe, the lower section of the airway in the neck. The area between the thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage, the cricothyroid membrane, is also sometimes used as an anthropometric landmark.
Speech Production and Perception
Published in Philipos C. Loizou, Speech Enhancement, 2013
The larynx, composed of muscles, ligaments, and cartilages, controls the function of the vocal folds (or vocal cords). The vocal folds are two masses of ligament and muscle stretching from the posterior to the anterior of the larynx. The glottis is the opening between the two folds. The posterior ends of the folds are attached to two arytenoid cartilages that move laterally along with the cricoid cartilage (Figure 3.3).
Tests for the identification of reflex syncope mechanism
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Michele Brignole, Giulia Rivasi, Artur Fedorowski, Marcus Ståhlberg, Antonella Groppelli, Andrea Ungar
CSM consists of manual compression at the site of the maximum carotid pulse, between the angle of the jaw and the cricoid cartilage on the anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, with the face rotated contralaterally. The massage is applied up and down the carotid artery for 10s on the right and then on the left side in the supine position, and then in the upright position, so that each patient undergoes up to four massages; the time between massages must be long enough to allow HR and BP values to return to baseline [50]. The CSM technique has evolved substantially over the years. Compared with the technique used before the 1980s, the current methodology also includes CSM in the standing position, usually with the aid of a tilt table, under continuous ECG and noninvasive beat-to-beat BP monitoring. In addition to yielding a higher positivity rate than supine massage only, upright CSM has the advantage of enabling a more accurate assessment of the VD component, which is amplified in the standing position.
Comparison of the supraglottic airway device BlockBusterTM and laryngeal mask airway Supreme in anaesthetised, paralyzed adult patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Xue Gao, Ju-Hui Liu, Chun-Mei Chen, Yong Wang, Zhong-Yu Wang, Chun-Ling Yan, Ming-Zhang Zuo, Yu Cao, Xin Qiao, Ya-Qi Huang, Pei-Chang Liu, Hui Zhang, Jia-Qiang Zhang, Jun-Mei Shen, Chao Li, Yi Wang, Yan-Yan Sun, Jian-Nan Song, Xi-Zhe Zhang, Yun-Long Zhang, Xiao-Ting Luo, Lu-Nan Wu, Ye Zhang, Li Shi, Yuan Zhang, Fu-Shan Xue, Ming Tian
The secondary outcomes included duration and success rate of insertion, tests to evaluate the placement and positioning of the devices, airway manipulations required to correct device malposition, intraoperative, and postoperative airway complications. The duration of SAD insertion was defined as the time from which the SAD was picked up to the time it was correctly placed with two effective end-tidal capnography waveforms. To evaluate the placement and positioning of the devices, several tests were performed. Ventilation test observed three indicators during mechanical ventilation, including positive pressure ventilation with a peak inspiratory pressure below 20 cmH2O, movement of the chest, and waveforms of carbon dioxide on capnography [10]. Suprasternal notch (SSN) test was done by placing a 1-cm gel plug in the proximal opening of the gastric draining channel and gentle tapping of SSN with a finger [11]. A positive SSN test was defined as the gel moving synchronously with suprasternal pressure, indicating the presence of the SAD tip behind the cricoid cartilage and a correct placement of the device [11].
Modelling of swallowing organs and its validation using Swallow Vision®, a numerical swallowing simulator
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2019
Yukihiro Michiwaki, Tetsu Kamiya, Takahiro Kikuchi, Yoshio Toyama, Keigo Hanyuu, Megumi Takai, Seiichi Koshizuka
The swallowing movement begins with the motion of the tongue for transporting the bolus and the elevation of the soft palate. Subsequently, the hyoid bone, thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage are raised forward and upward, and the pharyngeal wall contracts and shortens. Gradually, the epiglottis inverts downward and the arytenoids move inward and forward, closing the laryngeal inlet. Within the larynx, the vocal cords move inwardly, touch each other and close the glottis. Finally, the inlet of the oesophagus opens, and the bolus is passed into the oesophagus (Figure 5). Such movements were reproduced with the organ model.