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Amino Acids and Vitamin Production
Published in Debabrata Das, Soumya Pandit, Industrial Biotechnology, 2021
Nowadays, people in under-developed and over-populated nations are suffering from deficiency of essential amino acids. Therefore, in such nations essential amino acids are fed to domestic animals (feed grade) to improve meat quality. This meat can be consumed by people to overcome deficiency inessential amino acids. Since 2011, many industries have been involved in essential amino acid production via chemical synthesis or through natural resources. Synthesis from these two types of protocols has been successful but is very expensive. Therefore biotechnological approaches have replaced them and are less expensive. This approach also has fewer side effects on humans and animals as compared to chemical synthesis. Non-essential amino acids have important biological applications. Therefore, they are also synthesized by fermentation. Essential amino acids are also synthesized through fermentation. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a preferred bacterium used for the synthesis of both essential and non-essential amino acids. As with beverages and baker’s yeast, amino acids have been produced via fermentation since the year 2015 (Bongaerts et al., 2001).
Metabolic Engineering for the Production of a Variety of Biofuels and Biochemicals
Published in Kazuyuki Shimizu, Metabolic Regulation and Metabolic Engineering for Biofuel and Biochemical Production, 2017
Corynebacterium glutamicum has been used for the industrial production of amino acids such as glutamate and lysine, etc. (Herman 2003, Wendisch 2014) as will be explained later in this chapter. This strain produces L-lactate as well as succinate and acetate under oxygen-limiting conditions (Inui et al. 2004, Okino et al. 2005). The glycolytic and anaplerotic pathway fluxes as well as the reductive branch of the TCA cycle increase under oxygen deprivation conditions, where L-lactate is the main product by LDH encoded by ldhA with small amount of production of succinate and acetate (Inui et al., 2004). In particular, the glycolytic flux increased by about 1.5 fold under oxygen deprivation conditions as compared to aerobic conditions. By introduction of ldhA gene encoding D-lactate dehydrogenase of Lactobacillus delbrueckii into a C. glutamicum yielded 120 g/l of D-lactate with 99.9% optical purity, the yield of 1.73 mol/mol, and the productivity of 4.0 g/l.h (Okino et al. 2008). Noting that ppc gene knockout of this strain causes the reduction of the glycolytic flux, the simultaneous overexpression of glk encoding glucokinase, gapA encoding glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pfk encoding phosphofructkinase, tpi encoding triose phosphate isomerase, andfba encoding fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldorase enables the performance improvement as 195 g/l of D-lactate, the yield of 1.80 mol/mol-glucose, and the productivity of 2.4 g/l.h (during production phase) (Tsuge et al. 2015).
Production of Amino Acids by Fermentation
Published in Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke, Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017
Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke
A major aim of metabolic engineering for increased amino acid production is to channel as much carbon as possible from sugar into the production of a desired amino acid. After bottlenecks in the terminal pathway are removed, the main factor limiting increased production is the shifting of intermediates to the central metabolic pathway. The complete genetic sequence of Corynebacterium glutamicum is available. One strategy is to amplify the genes for the enzymes leading to the formation of aromatic amino acids erythrose 4-P and to L-histidine through ribose 5-P (Fig. 15.6).
Modeling the bioconversion of starch to P(HB-co-HV) optimized by experimental design using Bacillus megaterium BBST4 strain
Published in Environmental Technology, 2019
Mauricio A. Porras, Fernando D. Ramos, María S. Diaz, María A. Cubitto, Marcelo A. Villar
Productivities are similar to that obtained with various Bacillus spp. and higher than that obtained with different strains cultivated in batch culture using starch as the carbon source (Table 2), namely: Bacillus cereus CFR06 strain using 1% and 2% of soluble starch has produced 0.0056 and 0.0067 g/Lh, respectively [7], Azotobacter chroococcum H23 strain using 10% of starch has produced 0.0149 g/Lh [13] and Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC13032 strain using 6% of starch has produced 0.0054 g/Lh [55]; all grown at 30°C and over 50 h of culture. Nonetheless, PHA and biomass yield coefficients determined in this study (for exp. 14) were higher in almost all cases compared with batch cultures presented in Table 2 using different strains and starch at many forms as a carbon source.
Synthesis and biological activity of iron(II), iron(III), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of aliphatic hydroxamic acids
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2023
Ibrahima Sory Sow, Michel Gelbcke, Franck Meyer, Marie Vandeput, Mickael Marloye, Sergey Basov, Margriet J. Van Bael, Gilles Berger, Koen Robeyns, Sophie Hermans, Dong Yang, Véronique Fontaine, François Dufrasne
Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) and Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, USA). Bacterial methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA, LMG 8064), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, LMG 15975), Corynebacterium glutamicum (LMG 19741), Bacillus subtilis (DSM 618), Escherichia coli (LMG 8223), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (LMG 6395), Klebsiella pneumoniae (LMG 20218) and fungal Candida albicans (IHEM 9559) were purchased from Belgian Coordinated Collection of Microorganisms (BCCM), University of Gent. Mycobacterium smegmatis (CIP 7326) was obtained from the Pasteur Institute in Paris. The SiHa cell line was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC).