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Designing for Whole-Body Anatomy and Function
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The second set of body forms in Figure 9.3B illustrates a female after menopause with significant height loss and posture change due to spinal changes. Spine changes in such women in their 50s include normal intervertebral disc degeneration, possible compression fractures in the vertebrae due to osteoporosis (refer to Chapter 4), and probable changes in pelvic tilt related to the spinal changes. A compression fracture in an osteoporotic vertebra distorts the vertebral form unpredictably. A vertebra may simply collapse and lose height. The vertebra may become symmetrically or asymmetrically wedge-shaped (or not) in sagittal and/or coronal planes. The thoracic spine seems particularly vulnerable to osteoporotic compression fractures, but they do occur in all spinal regions. Unfortunately, multiple osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures can occur over time and each fracture tends to alter spinal length and posture.
Absorptiometric measurement
Published in C M Langton, C F Njeh, The Physical Measurement of Bone, 2016
Christopher F Njeh, John A Shepherd
If a compression fracture or other spinal abnormality exists on the lumbar spine radiographs, this vertebra should be excluded regardless of the appearance of the DXA image or the BMD results of the individual vertebra [16]. DXA scans do not replace a lumbar spine radiograph and should not be used to rule out or confirm a compression fracture. If there are artefacts overlying bone, this part of the bone must be excluded from the ROI.
The Thoracolumbar Spine and Pelvis
Published in Melanie Franklyn, Peter Vee Sin Lee, Military Injury Biomechanics, 2017
Melanie Franklyn, Brian D. Stemper
A burst fracture is a type of compression fracture where the vertebral body is severely compressed from a high magnitude axial load caused by the intervertebral disk being forced into the inferior aspect of the vertebral body above. This results in a comminuted fracture of the vertebral body where fragments of the fracture may be retropulsed into the spinal canal, potentially compromising the spinal cord (Figure 12.4).
A post-market, randomized, controlled, prospective study evaluating intrathecal pain medication versus conventional medical management in the non-cancer, refractory, chronic pain population (PROSPER)
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Jason E. Pope, Navdeep Jassal, Dawood Sayed, Denis Patterson, Gladstone McDowell, Anjum Bux, Phillip Lim, Eric Chang, Ali Nairizi, Samuel Grodofsky, Timothy R Deer
For comparison of primary endpoint analysis, global pain score was performed across all time points, with IDDS with improvement (Table 4). A subgroup analysis was performed to better qualify differences among the treatment groups, based on diagnosis and time. For group analysis of the primary diagnosis, the patients in both cohorts were placed in one of two groupings: Chronic Pain and Related Syndromes and the Failed Back and Related Syndromes, as defined by the diagnoses of idiopathic progressive neuropathy, chronic pain due to trauma, chronic pain Syndrome, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, and lumbar spondylosis, spondylosis with radiculopathy, intervertebral disc disorders other intervertebral disc degeneration, lumbar and lumbosacral radiculopathy, osteoporosis, post-laminectomy syndrome and wedge compression fracture lumbar, respectively. This was for both groups, within the CMM arm, there are no benefit differentiation. For the IDDS, there was significant benefit differentiation statistically indicating that the patient experienced substantial pain relief (0.0431) (Table 5). This was analyzed at 3 months due to rescue analysis, with continuation across all time points, demonstrating early patient benefit with employment of intrathecal therapy, as compared to CMM, for both the Chronic Pain and Related Syndromes and the Failed Back and Related Syndromes groups.
Age-based differences in the disability of spine injuries in pediatric and adult motor vehicle crash occupants
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2022
S. Delanie Lynch, Ashley A. Weaver, Ryan T. Barnard, Bahram Kiani, Joel D. Stitzel, Mark R. Zonfrillo
Seven cervical injuries were in the top 14 AIS spine injuries (Appendix 0003 Table A3, Online supplementary information). Among these, cervical vertebra major compression fracture was associated with the highest DRMAIS for all age groups except for pediatrics. Cervical facet fractures resulted in the least amount of DRMAIS among the cervical spine injuries across all age groups except older adults. Analysis of variance revealed that DRMAIS for cervical spine injuries differed between all age groups (p < 0.0001), with higher DRMAIS in older adults (µ=36.7%), followed by middle-aged adults (µ=19.7%) (Figure 2). Pair-wise comparisons revealed differences in cervical spine injury DRMAIS between all age groups (all p < 0.03), except for the pediatric versus young adult comparison (p = 0.28).
Biomechanical comparative evaluation of percutaneous fixations with vertebral expansion for vertebral compression fractures: an experimental and finite element study
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Le Gallo Lucas, V. P. C. Lima Lucas, Persohn Sylvain, Nérot Agathe, Rousseau Marc-Antoine, Simon Laurie, Skalli Wafa
In the spine, the thoracolumbar junction is the most prone to vertebral fracture with 60% of these fractures located between T11 and L2 (Magerl et al. 1994). Among these injuries, incidence of Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture (TBF), a severe type of compression fracture is around 10–30% (Dai et al. 2007; Katsuura et al. 2016) and are often associated with traumatic events. Causing back pain and neurological complications, TBF may seriously affect the patient’s quality of life (Knop et al. 2001; Katsuura et al. 2016).