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Spine
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Patients with suspected scoliosis should be assessed radiographically with a single AP long film of the thoracic and lumbar spine taken with the patient standing erect. The key to radiographic diagnosis and follow-up is measurement of the Cobb angle:Identify the most tilted vertebral bodies above and below the apex of the curveLine drawn parallel to the superior vertebral end plate of the most tilted vertebral body at the upper end of the curveSimilar line drawn parallel to the lower vertebral end plate of the lower most tilted vertebral bodyThe angle between these lines is the Cobb angle (Fig. 9.21b).
Innovative decision support for scoliosis brace therapy based on statistical modelling of markerless 3D trunk surface data
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Stephan Rothstock, Hans-Rudolf Weiss, Daniel Krueger, Victoria Kleban, Lothar Paul
One of the most common three dimensional spine deformities is adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with a prevalence of 2–4% of the population, predominantly affecting females (Rogala et al. 1978). Due to the natural progression but also to treatment there is a need for repeated follow-up investigations (Roach 2008). Brace treatment for example following the Chêneau principles has become a popular option for the conservative treatment of patients with scoliosis (Moramarco and Borysov 2017; Weiss 2017a, 2017b; 2019; Weiss and Moramarco 2017). Currently radiographic assessment of the spine is performed in order to measure the Cobb angle (Cobb 1948) between the two most tilted vertebrae of each curve. The Cobb angle measurement as the ‘Gold’ standard has certain limitations. The measurement is in frontal plane only, while scoliosis is a three dimensional deformity and for younger patients repeated X-ray exposures are a possible source for adverse effects (Thulbourne and Gillespie 1976; Nash et al. 1979; Hoffman et al. 1989; Doody et al. 2000; Ronckers et al. 2008; Ronckers et al. 2010).
Validation of modified feature-based 3D modeling of scoliotic spine
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2019
Sampath Kumar, Hareesh KS, Soujanya Shetty
The other parameters such as the AVR and Cobb angle obtained from 2D radiographs are compared with results obtained from 3D models. According to the plane of geometry, the Cobb angle is the sum of upper and lower end vertebra tilt angles. To reduce deviation of the observer, the angle data of each patient were measured by two different experts and then the average of differing value was taken as the final result.