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Anthropometrics and Workspace Design
Published in Robert W. Proctor, Van Zandt Trisha, Human Factors in Simple and Complex Systems, 2018
Robert W. Proctor, Van Zandt Trisha
The three-dimensional (3-D) planes that pass through the body are the transverse, sagittal, and coronal planes. The sagittal plane cuts longitudinally and separates the left half of the body from the right half. Transverse planes cut horizontally and separate top from bottom. Coronal planes also cut longitudinally and separate front from back. Directional terms are used in opposite pairs and are specific to the plane of measurement. A body part above a transverse plane is superior, and one below it is inferior. A body part to the left or right of the sagittal plane is lateral, while one close to it (to the center of the body being measured) is medial. A body part in front of a coronal plane is anterior, and one behind it is posterior. Finally, a body part that is far from the trunk is distal, whereas one that is close to the trunk is proximal.
Anatomical Terminology
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Charles Sloane, Gail Jefferson, Ken Holmes, Craig Anderson, Clark's Pocket Handbook for Radiographers, 2016
A Stewart Whitley, Charles Sloane, Gail Jefferson, Ken Holmes, Craig Anderson
Three planes of the body are used extensively for descriptions of positioning both in plain X-ray imaging as well as other cross-sectional imaging techniques. The planes described are mutually at right angles to each other. Median sagittal plane divides the body into right and left halves.Any plane parallel to this, but dividing the body into unequal right and left portions, is simply known as a sagittal plane or parasagittal plane.Coronal plane divides the body into an anterior part and a posterior part.Transverse or axial plane divides the body into a superior part and an inferior part.
The Human Body as the Foundation for Wearable Product Design
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The planes are defined as: The median plane, or midsagittal plane, is the midline plane through the long axis of the body dividing the body into equal left and right halves.Sagittal planes run through the body front to back and are parallel to the median plane.The coronal or frontal plane runs through the body from side to side, perpendicular to sagittal planes, dividing the body into unequal front and back parts. A coronal plane through the shoulders, or alternatively through the geometric center of the body, is commonly used as a reference plane.A transverse, cross, or horizontal plane is perpendicular to the long axis of the body and is used to create a body cross-section. The horizontal plane bisects the body at the mid-section into upper (cranial), and lower (caudal) parts.The Frankfort (sometimes spelled Frankfurt) plane is a plane passing through the lower edge of the left bony eye socket and the upper margin of each ear canal. Ideally, this plane lies parallel to the floor. It is close to parallel to the floor in the normal head position in the standing person. It is sometimes referred to as the auriculo-orbital (ear-eye) plane.
An exploration of the differences in hip strength, gluteus medius activity, and trunk, pelvis, and lower-limb biomechanics during different functional tasks
Published in International Biomechanics, 2020
Komsak Sinsurin, Raul Valldecabres, Jim Richards
The hip abductor muscles have been identified as the most important muscles to control and stabilize the pelvis during locomotion (Widler et al. 2009). The Gluteus Medius (GMed) muscle plays a key role in controlling the coronal pelvic motion (Flack et al. 2014) and any functional impairment of this muscle can lead to excessive lateral trunk bending, which can be observed in people with a variety of knee problems including knee OA (Chang et al. 2005) and PFP (Dierks et al. 2008). Chang et al. (2005) proposed that coronal plane movement impairment in people with GMed weakness includes ipsilateral trunk bending and contralateral pelvic drop during stance, which is also a mechanism that increases the loading on the medial compartment of the knee. Therefore, this could be a major contributing factor in the development of genu varum. However, the role of the GMed muscle function during different movement tasks has not been fully explored. The coronal plane biomechanics of the trunk, pelvis, hip, and knee joints, and GMed muscle function data would be useful to enable a better understanding of movement control and for consideration in clinical practice during functional tasks or activities of daily living.
Objective evaluation of mechanical expressiveness in android and human faces
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2022
First, the spatial resolution of expressiveness was enhanced to obtain an expressiveness map having a higher resolution on a face. Furthermore, we performed Natural neighbor interpolation [30] on the displacement vectors to calculate lattice point data at intervals of 0.5 mm on the coronal plane, which is a two-dimensional plane that cuts the head into the front and back halves. We defined the coronal plane as the x–y plane, where the origin is the chin top and the y-axis is the axis direction towards the top of the head. As a result, the y-axis corresponds to the facial midline in the expressiveness map.