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Seeing with Sound: Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging
Published in Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman, Introduction to Physics in Modern Medicine, 2020
Suzanne Amador Kane, Boris A. Gelman
Ultrasound in fact is used widely as a routine part of prenatal care in the US, with many women receiving at least one mid-pregnancy ultrasound exam. Diagnostic obstetrical ultrasound is usually performed using a transducer placed against the woman's abdomen, although in some cases a transducer inserted into the vagina is used to provide a higher resolution image. The technique offers important information to the parents and obstetrician. For example, it can be used to check the gestational age and overall fetal development by examining various anatomical features during the pregnancy. Ultrasound imaging also can help in the diagnosis of serious conditions early in pregnancy, such as potentially dangerous ectopic pregnancies, in which the egg improperly implants in the fallopian tube rather than the uterus. Other common uses include the detection of multiple fetuses (Figure 4.20a) and determining whether the placenta is placed so as to obstruct the birth canal, a dangerous condition known as placenta previa. Obstetricians utilize ultrasound as an important tool in monitoring the fetus’ health in high-risk pregnancies such as those where the mother has had a history of difficult gestations, or suffers from a disease such as diabetes.
A proposed procedure to develop clothing for pregnant women
Published in Ana Cristina Broega, Joana Cunha, Helder Carvalho, Manuel Blanco, Guillermo García-Badell, Diana Lucía Goméz-Chacón, Reverse Design, 2018
D.A.N. Mentone, R.H. Osava, S.H.A. Gomes, R.A. Sanches, A.Y.S. Duarte
Thirty women were allocated to answer a semi-structured survey containing variables which would indicate discomfort related to the use of clothing during pregnancy, as well as select textile material and product development. The women in this study attended a private physician’s office in the city of Gramado, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. With the exception of two women, all others worked in stipendiary activities in the service sector. 10 women were interviewed for each gestational trimester. It is understood that the first gestational trimester encompasses the period within the 1st day from the beginning of gestation to the 13th week of gestational age; the second quarter is from the 13th to the 26th week; and third trimester, from the 26th week to the baby’s birth.
Reproductive system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Ultrasound is used routinely in the first trimester for: Examination of pelvic adnexa for any related gynaecological problems.Fetal ‘viability’ – checking fetal life.Confirming the site of pregnancy.Dating of pregnancy (estimation of gestational age). This is crucial for the timing of particular antenatal tests and for optimising delivery time.Screening tests, particularly the measurement of the nuchal translucency (NT) as part of the Down’s syndrome screening process.Diagnosis or exclusion of a number of gross structural abnormalities.Management of invasive procedures.Establishing a baseline for subsequent monitoring of fetal growth.Detection and assessment of multiple pregnancy.Location for chorionic villus sampling.
A Classification Model for Predicting Fetus with down Syndrome – A Study from Turkey
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2020
Alptekin Durmuşoğlu, Memet Merhad Ay, Zeynep Didem Unutmaz Durmuşoğlu
Maternal age, gestational age, gestational weight, and smoking have been other relevant factors affecting the value of the tree markers and the associated risk. Maternal age is the age of mother candidate at the beginning of pregnancy. It is well established that the risk for DS increases with maternal age (Harris, Reed, and Vora n.d.). By the maternal age of 40, the risk of delivering an affected term newborn with DS is 1% (Skrzypek and Hui 2017). On the other hand, as a screening test it has poor performance alone (Norton and Rink 2016). If maternal age is included, the gestational age also needs to be specified (Benn 2016). Gestational age is the total duration that a baby has been in the uterus. It can be calculated using the current date and the patients estimated date of delivery. To compare individual results, values for AFP, HCG, and u-E3 were expressed as a multiple of the medians (MOM) for gestational age (Bar-Hava et al. 2001).
Exposure to firework chemicals from production factories in pregnant women and risk of preterm birth occurrence in Liuyang, China
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2018
Xun Li, Hongzhuan Tan, Meiling Luo, Xinrui Wu, Xin Huang, Shujin Zhou, Lin Shen, Yue He, Yi Liu, Li Hu, Mengshi Chen, Shimin Hu, Shi Wu Wen
General information of maternal characteristics including maternal age, parity, pregnancy history, body mass index (BMI) health status, obstetric history and antenatal care records from Maternal Healthcare Booklet was obtained. Clinical diagnosis of preterm birth was obtained from the medical records. Preterm birth was defined as live birth prior to 37 weeks of completed gestation. Gestational age was primarily determined from the first day of the last menstrual period, but in cases of irregular menses or uncertainty regarding the date of last menstrual period, the earliest ultrasound assessment in her pregnancy prior to 20 weeks of gestation was used.