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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucosa of one or more of the paranasal sinuses. Acute sinusitis lasts up to four weeks and is almost always of viral or allergic origin; it may develop into chronic bacterial sinusitis, which typically lasts at least 12 consecutive weeks and may persist for years. The disease progresses in the following manner: The ostium of the sinus becomes obstructed from mucosal swelling due to a virus or allergy. The air within the sinus is then absorbed by the mucosal surface, creating a painful negative pressure in the sinus. If the ostium is not reopened, a transudate fluid begins to fill the cavity, providing a medium for bacterial growth. The bacteria attract an exudate of white blood cells and serum, which creates a painful (and dangerous) positive pressure within the sinus.72 Bacterial sinusitis is not a benign disease. Serious complications may arise such as periorbital infections, meningitis, and brain abscess.73
Designing for Head and Neck Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The interior of the skull is more detailed and intricate then just one hollow space. The skull has several hollow areas, each with a specific function. Major superficial skull cavities are the eye sockets or orbits, ear canals, oral (mouth) cavity, and nasal (nose) cavity. The inside of the cranium is shaped around these cavities. The largest internal hollow area, the cranial cavity, acts as a container that holds the brain along with the CSF. The sinuses are hollow cavities near the respiratory passages and the cranial cavity. The spinal cord passes through a large opening at the base of the skull, the foramen magnum. These details are also seen in Figure 3.2. Additional small openings or passages throughout the skull provide spaces for nerves and blood vessels as they connect from inside the head to the superficial structures of the head.
The Physical Environment and the Physiology of Flight
Published in Harry W. Orlady, Linda M. Orlady, John K. Lauber, Human Factors in Multi-Crew Flight Operations, 2017
Harry W. Orlady, Linda M. Orlady, John K. Lauber
The sinuses are cavities within the skull that are located above the eyes, in the cheeks, and at the back of the nose. The air, or gas, in these cavities vents much easier on ascent than on descent and vent in much the same way that the air in the middle ear vents. If an individual is suffering from a cold, flu, or a nasal allergy, the soft tissues around the sinuses and the Eustachian tube expand and obstruct or close the normally open-air passageways. The result is discomfort and pain that increases as the descent is increased. For this reason, aircrew should avoid flying with any of these symptoms. Failure to avoid flying with these symptoms can result in a barotrauma serious enough to make the individual unable to fly for considerable periods.
Effectiveness of active dynamic and passive thermography in the detection of maxillary sinusitis
Published in Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Journal, 2021
Jaspreet Singh, Ajat Shatru Arora
Generally, the physical examination is carried out to diagnose the sinusitis based on percussion, palpation, sinus transillumination, and by asking the symptoms. Due to non-specificity of such indicators, it is often misdiagnosed which further leads to the futile treatment and may develop resistant strain to antibiotics [4]. Nasal endoscopy is an effective method to examine the nasal passage for sinusitis detection [5], but patients often experience discomfort due to the insertion of a tube inside the passages. Unlike, the medical imaging techniques, like X-ray and computerised tomography, are also used which provide the topographic features of the sinuses [6]. Thus, these are more beneficial than the former approaches as the imaging depicts the mucus filling, thickening of mucosa, tumour, and deviation of the septum. But, the exposure to these ionising radiation increases the chance of developing cancer [7]. Moreover, these techniques are computationally complex and highly expensive.
Sphenoid sinus barotrauma in diving: case series and review of the literature
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2018
Jochen D Schipke, Sinclair Cleveland, Markus Drees
Barosinusitis as a particular type of sinusitis is characterized by inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses. Inflammation in these cases is caused by a pressure gradient between the sinus cavity and the surrounding environment (Thiringer, 2015).