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OFFICE BUILDING CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Published in Charles D. Reese, Office Building Safety and Health, 2004
Scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) is another example of chronic disease. It is also one of the top ten causes of death in the United States. The liver is important in making certain essential substances in the body and cleaning certain waste products. Chronic liver disease can cause an individual to be tired all the time, have their muscles waste away, and cause swelling of their stomach from fluid accumulation. Many chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, and alcohol can cause cirrhosis of the liver.
A Comparative Review of the Role of Deep Learning in Medical Image Processing
Published in R. Sujatha, S. L. Aarthy, R. Vettriselvan, Integrating Deep Learning Algorithms to Overcome Challenges in Big Data Analytics, 2021
Erapaneni Gayatri, S. L. Aarthy
Chronic liver disease is caused by hepatitis, other viruses, and the abuse of alcohol. A chronic liver disease diagnosis can be improved later by the examination study, applied Convolutional Neural Networks for better results. For this purpose, Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) images were used for the automatic detection of chronic liver disease, and it avoids unnecessary measurements in unreliable areas (Gatos et al., 2019).
Magnetic Resonance Elastography
Published in Adil Al-Mayah, Biomechanics of Soft Tissues, 2018
Although most clinical MRE applications have been initial explorations of method feasibility and sensitivity to disease, liver MRE is a notable exception, as it has already been widely adopted in clinical practice for the diagnosis of chronic liver disease (CLD), such as fibrosis (Figure 3.11). Although biopsy is the gold standard diagnostic for liver fibrosis, it also carries the risks of an invasive procedure and is sometimes not tolerated by patients. In addition, biopsy can be prone to error through sampling at the wrong locations, or if the sample volume is insufficient or of poor quality. MRE could be used instead of biopsy (Venkatesh et al. 2013) for longitudinal monitoring of disease progression or treatment, and also for guiding the selection of biopsy samples when histopathology is required (Perumpail et al. 2012). A number of studies have determined MRE to be a highly accurate diagnostic tool for CLD, with increases in liver stiffness accompanying progression through stages of fibrosis to cirrhosis (Yin et al. 2007a, Su et al. 2014, Singh et al. 2015). A recent comparison of MRE with diffusion-weighted MRI for liver fibrosis, steatosis, and inflammation demonstrated that MRE was more sensitive to the effects of fibrosis than the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), whereas MRE was less sensitive to steatosis than ADC (Leitao et al. 2016). In a retrospective study for patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), Chen et al. (2011) reported that NAFLD patients with inflammation in the absence of fibrosis had higher liver stiffness than those with steatosis and lower stiffness than those with fibrosis. MRE has also been demonstrated as effective in distinguishing benign and malignant liver tumors with malignant lesions having a higher mean stiffness (Venkatesh et al. 2008, Hennedige et al. 2016). Furthermore, a recent MRE study determined that liver biomechanics varied between children and adults (Etchell et al. 2016).
Glycyrrhizin and Omega-3 fatty acids have hepatoprotective roles through toll-like receptor-4
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2019
Nada F. Abo El-Magd, Amro El-Karef, Mamdouh M. El-Shishtawy, Laila A. Eissa
Chronic liver disease is the 14th most common cause of death in adults worldwide; it results in 1.03 million deaths per year worldwide [1]. Different mechanisms of liver injury lead to chronic liver disease by causing necroinflammation and fibrogenesis. Histologically liver injury causes diffuse nodular regeneration surrounded by dense fibrotic septa with subsequent parenchymal extinction and collapse of liver structures and pronounced distortion of hepatic vascular architecture [2]. Chronic liver disease in developed countries is mainly caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, alcohol misuse and alcoholic liver disease [3].
A Novel Method for Predicting Time of Alcohol Use Based on Personality Traits and Demographic Information
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Divya Kumari, Aleena Swetapadma
Alcohol abuse is one of the major global problems. Identifying alcohol abuse among individuals and predicting the time of use of alcohol can be very useful as the preventive measures can be taken accordingly. Alcohol consumption has many harmful effects such as heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and heart stroke. It may lead to myocardial infarction, heart failure and atrial fibrillation [1]. Acute alcohol consumption results in motor vehicle crashes, which are one of the causes of death in the United States [2]. The effects of alcohol on connectivity from reward-related regions to visual and sensory cortical areas are explored in [3]. It discussed the relationship between alcohol use, religiosity and self-control in adolescent girls [4]. [5] explains that a limited intake of alcohol may decrease cardiovascular problems. In this case, determination of time of use of alcohol plays a vital role. In [6], it is already established that tobacco users are prone to become alcohol addicts. In [7], it is found that the individuals who use electronic cigarettes are most likely to have alcohol use disorder (AUD) and harmful patterns of alcohol use. Individuals with low socioeconomic status are at greater risk of drug consumption harm than those of higher socioeconomic status [8]. In [9], it has been suggested that alcohol-related liver disease, obesity and metabolic syndrome are closely related. Excessive intake of alcohol leads to chronic liver disease. Thus, guidelines for safe alcohol consumption should be used to prevent fatty liver disease. Moderate consumption of alcohol has minimal impact on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) which helps in the removal of excess cholesterol from the body. But binge alcohol consumption increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and impairs RCT [10].