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Microfluidics Devices as Miniaturized Analytical Modules for Cancer Diagnosis
Published in Raju Khan, Chetna Dhand, S. K. Sanghi, Shabi Thankaraj Salammal, A. B. P. Mishra, Advanced Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics, 2022
Niraj K. Vishwakarma, Parul Chaurasia, Pranjal Chandra, Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
Ovarian and cervical cancers are common tumors of female reproductive organs.123 Cervical cancer develops by persistent growth of abnormal tissue in the cervix of the uterus. The common cell line used for cervical cancer cell is HeLa cells.124 It is generally derived from an aggressive cervical adenocarcinoma. Mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cells are commonly used for ovarian cancer research. MOSE can be originated from mouse ovarian cancer. A contactless DEP was developed for off-chip assortment and analysis.68 The device is comprised with thin PDMS membrane which separates suspended cells from electrodes and provides improved cell viability. Further, researchers compared a contactless DEP device with a device comprised with pillars of cells (diameter 20 µm) in terms of cell viability and efficacy of same cell line. The trapping area on each pillar was maintained in such a way that only one or two cells could be trapped. The device was capable of sorting 106 cells h−1 and achieved optimum cell viabilities of 71% in untrapped and 81% in trapped MOSE cells.
Reproduction, development and work
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
Cancer of the cervix is very common in women in the 30–50 year age group. Risk factors include increased sexual activity with many sexual partners, multiple pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and frequent cervical inflammation. The pap smear (Papanicolaou stain test) is a diagnostic test by which cells of the cervix are removed and examined for the presence of premalignant or malignant cells. The risk of cervical cancer can be reduced by periodic (every 1–2 years) pap smears in women in the age risk group.
Prediction of Cervical Cancer Using Machine Learning
Published in Meenu Gupta, Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman, Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Ashish Kumar, Revant Singh Rai, Mehdi Gheisari
Cervical cancer starts when anomalous cells cultivate and multiply in the inner lining of the cervix. Cancer can spread to the areas around cervix and into tissues of the vagina and/or the lymph nodes. This generally occurs after cancer starts developing in the cervix, called the transformation zone.
Classification of Cervical Cancer Using an Autoencoder and Cascaded Multilayer Perceptron
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
K.R. Akhila, N. Muthukumaran, A. Ahilan
Cervical cancer is a dangerous ailment that originates from cells of the cervix, situated between the vaginal canal and the uterus [1,2]. Several sorts of human papillomavirus (HPV) cause cervical cancer, which spreads through sexual contact. It develops when the DNA of normal cells in the cervix undergoes mutations [3]. The normal cells reproduce and expand at a certain rate before dying at a certain period. The mutation causes the cells to multiply and reproduce uncontrollably without dying [4]. The aberrant cells clump together to form a tumour. Cancer cells can split from the tumour and grow or disperse to other parts of the human body. The symptom includes vaginal bleeding that occurs later in a sexual encounter, during periods, or after menopausal [5,6]. Lower back or stomach pain may also develop, as well as a foul-smelling white discharge. There may be no symptoms in some cases. The prevention of cervical cancer can be achieved by screening assessments and vaccinations that protect against HPV infestation. According to current statistics, 5,70,000 females were reported with cervical cancer and about 3,12,000 females died [3]. The two major categories of cervical cancer are adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). It starts in the thin, flat cells that line the exterior portion of the cervix that extends into the vaginal canal [7]. Adenocarcinoma starts in the column-shaped glandular cells that lined the cervical canal. The cervix is a relatively rare site where both types of cells cause cervical cancer [8].
Three stage cervical cancer classifier based on hybrid ensemble learning with modified binary PSO using pretrained neural networks
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2020
Sanjay Kumar Singh, Anjali Goyal
As indicated by the information accessible from GLOBOCAN 2018, cervical malignant growth is the fourth most regular disease in ladies around the world, furthermore, the second most normal in low-and middle-income nations [1]. Cervical cancer starts in the cervix, lower and narrow part of the uterus. A Pap test is used to prevent cervical cancer by evaluating the cervix to identify abnormal cell changes [2]. In this test, a specimen is collected from the cervix and spread to a glass plate called Pap smear. Doctors under microscope supervision analyse the changes in the cells to find malignant cells and predict stages of cancer. As no symptoms are found in women at the early stage of cervical cancer [3], it is very difficult to prevent it at the early stages. American Cancer Society's estimates about 13,240 new cervical cancer cases as a result of this, 4170 women may die from cervical cancer only in the United States in 2018 [3].
Classification of adeno carcinoma, high squamous intraephithelial lesion, and squamous cell carcinoma in Pap smear images based on extreme learning machine
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2021
Andriyan Bayu Suksmono, Riries Rulaningtyas, Kuwat Triyana, Imas Sukaesih Sitanggang, Anny Setijo Rahaju, Etty Hary Kusumastuti, Ahda Nur Laila Nabila, Rizkya Nabila Maharani, Difa Fanani Ismayanto, Alfian Pramudita Putra
Pap smear is generally performed as an early detection of cervical cancer. Through the Pap smear image, abnormal cell growth can be identified which is the forerunner to cancer. This is what makes the importance of early examination of Pap smear where it can prevent the occurrence of more severe cancers. Examination of cervical cancer from Pap smear results usually takes a long time. This is because medical practitioners still rely on visual observations in the analysis of the results of Pap smear so that the results are subjective. Therefore, we need a program that can help the classification process in establishing a diagnosis of cervical cancer with high accuracy results.