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First Aid and Medical Personnel
Published in Patrick A. Michaud, Accident Prevention and Osha Compliance, 2017
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), is the combination of artificial respiration and manual artificial circulation that is recommended for use in cases of cardiac arrest. CPR provides proper care at the earliest possible time, which is vital. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation involves the following “ABCD” steps: Airway openingBreathing restoredCirculation restoredDefinitive therapy
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Published in C.P. Chugh, Ken Steele, V.M. Sharma, Design Criteria for Drill Rigs: Equipment and Drilling Techniques, 2020
C.P. Chugh, Ken Steele, V.M. Sharma
If a drill rig makes contact with electrical wires, it may or may not be insulated from the ground by the tires of the carrier. Under either circumstance the human body, if it simultaneously comes in contact with the drill rig and the ground, will provide a conductor of the electricity to the ground. Death or serious injury can be the result. If a drill rig or a drill rig carrier makes contact with overhead or underground electrical lines: Under most circumstances, the operator and other personnel on the seat of the vehicle should remain seated and not leave the vehicle. Do not move or touch any part, particularly a metallic part, of the vehicle or the drill rig.If it is determined that the drill rig should be vacated, then all personnel should jump clear and as far as possible from the drill. Do not step off—jump off, and do not hang onto the vehicle or any part of the drill when jumping clear.If you are on the ground, stay away from the vehicle and the drill rig, do not let others get near the vehicle and the drill rig, and seek assistance from local emergency personnel such as the police or a fire department.When an individual is injured and in contact with the drill rig or with power lines, attempt rescue with extreme caution. If a rescue is attempted, use a long, dry, unpainted piece of wood or a long, dry, clean rope. Keep as far away from the victim as possible and do not touch the victim until the victim is completely clear of the drill rig or electrical lines.When the victim is completely clear of the electrical source and is unconscious and a heart beat (pulse) cannot be detected, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) immediately.
The effects of pretraining intervention in immersive embodied virtual reality cardiopulmonary resuscitation training
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2021
Qian Liu, Qingyang Tang, Yanyun Wang
According to data released by the China Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Weekly in 2020, the bystander CPR implementation rate was only 4.5%, and the resuscitation success rate of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was less than 1% (Clinical frontline 2020). Early CPR and defibrillation are key steps in the resuscitation of patients experiencing cardiac arrest. Therefore, it is necessary to promote CPR first aid and develop CPR training in China. A recent survey showed that the Chinese public had a high degree of acceptance of CPR training, with 73.4% of interviewees expressing their willingness to learn CPR (Yan et al. 2020); however, the CPR training rate for Chinese students was only 27% (Chen et al. 2010). This lack of training is related to the shortage of professional training institutions and manpower, as well as the complicated procedures and high time requirements and costs associated with traditional CPR courses (Abella et al. 2008).
Devices to enhance organ perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Matthew A. Bridges, Julie B. Siegel, Joshua Kim, Kristen M. Quinn, Jennie H. Kwon, Brielle Gerry, Taufiek Konrad Rajab
Cardiac arrest is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the US. In 2019, more than 356,000 people experienced an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with an overall survival rate of only 10% [1]. A contributing factor to these dismal outcomes is the poor perfusion of vital organs during cardiac arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the American Heart Association (AHA) recommended treatment for emergent cardiac arrest with the goal of providing circulatory support via chest compressions and ventilatory support via rescue breaths. Without CPR, the survival rate of witnessed cardiac arrest from ventricular fibrillation decreases by 7–10% per minute; however, when CPR is administered, the survival rate decreases by only 3–4% per minute from the time of collapse to defibrillation [2]. The increase in survival is due to perfusion of vital organs, most importantly the heart and the brain, as these tissues have the lowest tolerance to ischemia. In animal models, when the focus of CPR is on increasing coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CerePP), survival from cardiac arrest increases [3–5].
Simulating cardiac arrest events to evaluate novel emergency response systems
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2020
Greg Lancaster, Jeffrey Herrmann
Cardiac arrest occurs when the electrical activity of the heart fails to stimulate muscle contractions in an organized rhythm. Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia are arrhythmias which result in loss of circulation to the lungs, brain, and vital organs. Treating these arrhythmias requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which uses chest compressions to force the heart to circulate blood, and defibrillation, which is an electrical shock applied across the torso to reset the electrical rhythm of the heart.