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Advances in Breast Stem Cell Knowledge through 3D Systems
Published in Karen J.L. Burg, Didier Dréau, Timothy Burg, Engineering 3D Tissue Test Systems, 2017
Kerri W. Kwist, Brian W. Booth
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered the subset of cells of a given tumor from which that tumor arose. CSCs are resistant to most chemo- and radio-therapies and are able to expand and regenerate tumors (Sinha et al. 2013; Easwaran et al. 2014). Most tumors are believed to contain a population of malignant cells with stem cell characteristics defined by their ability to initiate tumors when xenografted into immunocompromised mice. The initiating cell of a tumor can be a transformed stem cell or the result of a mutation in a more lineage-committed progenitor cell. Examples in human breast cancer could include undifferentiated triple negative breast cancers that arise from basal stem cells where tumors that express estrogen receptor (ER) or human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor 2 (HER2) arise from more differentiated luminal cells. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease on histological, molecular, and epidemiologic levels. There are six molecular subtypes based on gene expression: normal breast-like, luminal A, luminal B, basal-like, claudin-low, and HER2 over-expressing (Perou et al. 2000; Sorlie et al. 2001).
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Cancer stem cells have been found to be the source of some, and possibly most cancers. The cancer stem cell hypothesis states that certain stem cells remain in tissues to replenish them after injury or disease, yet because they are self-renewing and can survive for a longer period of time, the adult stem cells can also accumulate mutations which would cause them to spin off cells that divide uncontrollably, forming a tumor.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles inhibit bacterial biofilm formation via altering cell membrane permeability
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2021
Tanvir Kaur, Chayanika Putatunda, Ashish Vyas, Gaurav Kumar
Nanotechnology, can be defined as the science of manipulating ultra-fine materials on an atomic, molecular or supramolecular level.[6] Nanoparticles (NPs) are ultrafine particles falling between size 1 and 100 nanometers (nm).[7] They show extremely different properties from their predecessor bulk materials on account of their increased surface area. Potential applications of nanoparticles range from their use in extending shelf life of various products, for their use in breaking down oil into biodegradable compounds, in cleaning up of ground water pollution, to their amalgamation in industrial coatings so as to protect materials (wood, plastic, textiles etc.) from exposure to harmful UV rays and in the development of cost effective electrodes for fuel cells. Nanoparticles are also widely used in medical field (Nanomedicine) for various applications including targeted drug delivery, detection of cancer, stem cell therapy, and in treatment of chronic bacterial infections.
Bystander effect of ultraviolet A radiation protects A375 melanoma cells by induction of antioxidant defense
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2022
Here, we report our findings on UVA-BE in A375 human melanoma cells, where the technique of transferring the CM from UVA irradiated cells to fresh non-irradiated culture has been utilized. The influence of UVA-conditioned media (UVA-CM) on cellular viability, mechanism of cell death, ROS production, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, DNA damage and antioxidant defense have been observed. The effect of treatment with UVA, UVB, UVC or H2O2 in the bystander cells was evaluated. A small population of cancer stem cell-like (CSCs) is often present in tumors that makes them refractory to treatment.24 The effect of treatment with UVA-CM on CSCs side population was also assessed.
Construction of lung cancer serum markers based on ReliefF feature selection
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Yong Li, Nan-Ding Yu, Xiang-Li Ye, Mei-Chen Jiang, Xiang-Qi Chen
Finally, among the NB classifier constructed based on the five candidate genes, the classifier composed of the first two miRNAs (miR-5100, miR-663a) was found with the highest AUC value. Thus, this classifier is considered to have a diagnostic value. miR-5100 was proven as a potential novel biomarker for the diagnosis of oral scale-cell carcinoma (OSCC), and a 6-miRNA diagnostic model can accurately detect the presence of OSCC (Nakamura et al. 2021). miR-5100 promotes tumor development. For instance, overexpressed miR-5100 increases cancer stem cell functions, cell growth, and tumor sphere formation in LC cell lines A549 or H1299. miR-5100 inhibitor significantly increases the cisplatin sensitivity of LCSC in vitro (Yang et al. 2018). Additionally, studies found that miR-5100 targets a cancer invasion suppressor, and the silenced miR-5100 suppresses the proliferation of OSCC cells, enhances cells in G1 and G2 phases, and decreases cells in the S phase, which was reversed after shRNA-SCAI is transfected. The invasion and migration of OSCC cells are reduced after the miR-5100 inhibitor is introduced (Wei et al. 2021). Huang et al. (2019) analyzed miRNAs in the peripheral serum of osteosarcoma (OS) patients. It was found that miR-663a level is significantly increased in both tissue and plasma of OS patients, and upregulated miR-663a is derived from tumors. Therefore, miR-663a in plasma was considered a novel underlying biomarker for the OS diagnosis. miR-663a also promotes cancer progression like OS and melanoma (Liu et al. 2020; Zhao et al. 2020). These studies suggested that miRNAs can be tools for cancer diagnosis or prognosis, and aberrantly expressed miRNAs in cancer tissue have a certain chance of metastasizing into the serum. Serum detection is more convenient and less invasive than traditional detection methods. Hence, the miRNA markers we screened may be novel underlying biomarkers for LUAD.