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Generalized Regression Penalty against Complexity
Published in Chong Ho Alex Yu, Data Mining and Exploration, 2022
The data set, which is sourced from a study conducted by Silva et al. (2021), is not in the public domain, and therefore it cannot be shared here. The objective of this study is to describe the psychological differences between patients with chronic, non-cancer pain (CNCP) who were successfully able to cease chronic opioid analgesic therapy (COAT), and those who exhibited refractory COAT reliance, among those who participated in a multidisciplinary program designed for COAT cessation. Several psychological assessment scores were considered potential predictors, including Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM), Fear Avoidance Behavior Physical Activity (FAB-PA), Fear Avoidance Behavior Work (FAB-W), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK). All were pre-tests taken before the treatment program. Because the outcome variable is binary (1 = successful cessation, 0 = unsuccessful cessation), a typical modeling approach to this problem is logistic regression analysis. Table 5.5 shows a disappointing result: none of the potential predictors turned out to be significant. Should the researchers declare failure? The answer is a resounding “no”!
Evolution of Structures
Published in Stuart R. Stock, MicroComputed Tomography, 2019
There have been quite a number of microCT studies of tumor formation in animal models. In a rat model of bone cancer pain, osteolytic bone loss in tibiae from the rat mammary tumor cells was examined (Roudier, Bain et al. 2006; see also He et al. (2017); osteoblastic as well as osteolytic lesions can form (Hu, Gerseny et al. 2011). In a murine model of cancer-induced bone pain, behavioral manifestations of pain were found to emerge in parallel with progression of bone destruction revealed by microCT, and the effectiveness of pain reduction drugs was assessed (El Mouedden and Meert 2005). The effect of a noncalcemic vitamin D analog on prostate cancer metastasis was examined in mice with microCT (Peleg, Khan et al. 2005). Squamous cell carcinoma and its spread to murine mandibles was the subject of another study (Henson, Li et al. 2007). In a melanoma metastasis mouse model, PET and longitudinal microCT imaging were used to study development of lung, mandibular, long bone, and subcutaneous metastases (Winkelmann, Figueroa et al. 2006). Longitudinal microCT-derived biomarkers for lung metastasis detection in a syngeneic mouse model added value to bioluminescence imaging (Marien, Hillen et al. 2017). Development of metastases in the murine liver was studied longitudinally with microCT using a hepatobiliary-specific contrast agent (Ohta, Lai et al. 2006).
Evolution of Structures
Published in Stuart R. Stock, MicroComputed Tomography, 2018
There have been quite a number of microCT studies of tumor formation in animal models. Roudier and coworkers used microCT to examine a rat model of bone cancer pain; osteolytic bone loss in tibiae from the rat mammary tumor cells was examined (Roudier et al., 2006). In a murine model of cancer-induced bone pain, behavioral manifestations of pain were found to emerge in parallel with progression of bone destruction revealed by microCT, and the effectiveness of pain reduction drugs was assessed (El Mouedden and Meert, 2005). The effect of a noncalcemic vitamin D analogue on prostate cancer metastasis was examined in mice with microCT (Peleg et al., 2005). Squamous cell carcinoma and its spread to murine mandibles was the subject of another study (Henson et al., 2007). In a melanoma metastasis mouse model, PET and longitudinal microCT imaging were used to study development of lung, mandibular, long bone, and subcutaneous metastases (Winkelmann et al., 2006). Development of metastases in the murine liver was studied longitudinally with microCT using a hepatobiliary-specific contrast agent (Ohta et al., 2006).
Drug development, Brazilian biodiversity and political choices: Where are we heading?
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira, Daniel Dias Rufino Arcanjo, Ana Paula Peron
Approximately 87% of human diseases, including cancers, are treated using natural products. It is well recognized that non-communicable diseases, particularly cancer, impose substantial and growing global consequences on families and consequent impoverishment (Haier and Schaefers 2022), whose cumulative economic effects were estimated at US$ 1.16 trillion in 2010 (Wild, Weiderpass, and Stewart 2020). Higher poverty rates occurring frequently in Brazil are strong predictors of cross-national variations of incidence and mortality rates for some common cancers, primarily those related to microorganisms such as cervical neoplasms, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphomas, and gastric adenocarcinomas (Wild, Weiderpass, and Stewart 2020). Late-stage presentation and lack of access to diagnosis and treatment are common findings in low- and middle-income countries and comprehensive treatment is reportedly available in more than 90% of high-income countries but less than 15% of low-income countries (WHO World Health Organization 2021). In the face of regional and worldwide differences in cancer mortality rates and socioeconomic issues (Barbosa et al. 2015), which have direct outcomes in diagnosis and prognosis, medicinal plants and other natural resources is still a promising basis for cheaper and less toxic antiproliferative drugs (Barreca et al. 2020; Deng et al. 2020; Ferreira et al. 2021; Kim et al. 2022; Klein‐júnior et al. 2020; Sbardelotto et al. 2021) and as new options for cancer pain relief (Gouveia et al. 2019; Pinheiro-Neto et al. 2021).
The development of an iPad application for the pain assessment of individuals with developmental disabilities and complex communication needs
Published in Assistive Technology, 2021
Alyssa Guard, Michelle Konz, Roger O. Smith, Joyce M. Engel, Thomas Keating
The Apple App Store presents various types of pain apps using the targeted domains, as seen in Table 2. Some apps are free, with options to upgrade the app for a small cost, while others can cost up to $42. Analysis of which domains each app includes was conducted, as pain is a multidimensional experience and should include as many domains as possible for a holistic view of one’s pain (Jensen, 2010). Each product in Table 2 is a self-report app allowing the user to input information specific to his or her pain experience. Only two apps were developed specifically for children, one for children with cancer pain aged 8–18 years, another for general pain for those 7 years and older (Culbert, Fitzgerald, Sullwold Ristau, & Harrington, 2012; The Hospital for Sick Children, 2015). When looking at the domains of pain location, frequency, duration, intensity, alleviators/aggravators, and interference, most apps address just 1–3 of those dimensions, and none cover the domain of pain interference. Along with the pain domains and psychometric properties, accessibility of these mobile applications needed to be reviewed.
Deep brain stimulation and other surgical modalities for the management of essential tremor
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Kai-Liang Wang, Qianwei Ren, Shannon Chiu, Bhavana Patel, Fan-Gang Meng, Wei Hu, Aparna Wagle Shukla
Gamma knife procedure, pivotal in cancer treatment consists of precise destruction of normal or pathological cells in a desirable target without a consequence of unintentional collateral damage to the adjacent tissues [30,31]. Gamma knife thalamotomy is regarded as a noninvasive or a minimally invasive procedure because it does not require a burr hole drilling. Gamma knife radiosurgery was first described in 1951 by Leksell who later applied the technique to treat two patients with intractable cancer pain [32,33]. These patients received a dose of 200 to 250 Gy delivered to the thalamus. The thalamic target was identified indirectly with pneumoencephalography as there was no availability of MRI technology. The autopsy findings in these patients confirmed a well-circumscribed lesion in the posterior thalamus. In the current era, a combination of CT and MRI are performed for the identification of the thalamic target [34,35]. A Leksell G frame is then secured to the patient’s head and with the help of a treatment planning system (e.g., SurgiPlan, Elekta AB), the coordinates are determined. While MRI is employed for identification of the target, there is no further guidance obtained with neurophysiological testing such as the MER. Also there is no macrostimulation employed for either confirmation of tremor suppression or determination of side effects arising from unintended targeting of neighboring structures such as the internal capsule [36].