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X-ray Phase-Contrast Mammography
Published in Paolo Russo, Handbook of X-ray Imaging, 2017
Pekka Suortti, Jani Keyriläinen, William Thomlinson
Diagnostic X-ray mammography is an additional examination required when there are clinically suspect findings. It is used for differentiation of malignancies from benign breast diseases as well as their localization, classification, and extent evaluation. In this role the use of mammography is less efficient than in screening, mainly due to its limited specificity. Many benign and malignant lesions have considerable overlap in their morphologic characteristics in mammograms, so that the specificity is not enough to obviate the need for breast biopsy. Albeit mammograms are evaluated by experienced professionals, confirmation of diagnosis by triple diagnosis is always required in the presence of a suspicious sign or finding. Over recent decades experience has led to standardized recommendations for interpreting and reporting abnormal findings in mammograms. The most common signs of abnormalities encountered in mammograms are masses and calcifications whose radiographic appearances provide important clues to their etiology.
Breast imaging
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Breast biopsy is usually performed under imaging guidance, either mammography or US. For most masses, US is the quickest and most accurate method (Fig. 10.9). Cyst aspiration under US control may be done to drain large cysts that are painful or to sample fluid from atypical cystic lesions. US is unable to accurately visualize microcalcification; therefore, for biopsy of microcalcification, mammographic guidance is required.
Investigating the effectiveness of supplemental breast cancer screening tests considering radiologists’ bias
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2023
Mahboubeh Madadi, Sevda Molani, Donna L. Williams
Initial health belief state is estimated using the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) risk model (Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC), 2016). BCSC risk model estimates advanced breast cancer risk based on age, race, family history of breast cancer, history of a breast biopsy, and BI-RADS breast density (BCSC, 2016). To estimate the early breast cancer risk, we use the breast cancer stage distribution by race reported by the ACS (American Cancer Society, 2017), and the race distribution in the U.S (The United states Census Bureau, 2017). The ratio of early to advanced breast cancer cases among women in the U.S. is estimated as 1.78. The initial breast density distribution for the general population is adopted from Mandelblatt et al. (2016). We combine health and density initial belief (at age 45) to calculate the patient’s initial belief state. That is, the probability that a patient is in state at the beginning of the screening horizon is
Evaluation of Image Features Within and Surrounding Lesion Region for Risk Stratification in Breast Ultrasound Images
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Lipismita Panigrahi, Kesari Verma, Bikesh Kumar Singh
From the last two decades, several CAD systems have been employed by researchers [6]. In this direction, Sudarshan et al. [8] presented a review article that highlighted the role of wavelet techniques in preprocessing, segmentation and feature extraction using US images. This paper used low pass and high pass filters to decompose an image into images at different scales and recognize the rapid changes in intensity in the image. These changes were reflected in terms of wavelet coefficients. The extracted features based on wavelet were used to distinguish benign and malignant US images using supervised classifiers. Later on, Guo et al. [7] reviewed the US imaging technologies and their clinical applications to manage the breast cancer patients and proposed the fusion of US and breast biopsy among the other imaging modalities. This paper also discussed the indicative performance of different imaging modalities for breast cancer diagnosis. Further, Faust et al. [1] reported the use of texture features for cancer detection in US images. In this study, the texture features were extracted and utilized to differentiate the normal and abnormal tissues in breast ultrasound images. Thigpen et al. [9] summarized the screening of breast US, highlighting the differences in cancer detection among high risk and intermediate risk women. They discussed the convenient ways to execute the screening US in clinical practice and suggest a feasible solution to increase the need of additional screening. The study of various CAD systems based on breast ultrasound (BUS) images is shown in Table 1 [4,6–23].
A computational approach to investigate optimal cutting speed configurations in rotational needle biopsy cutting soft tissue
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2019
The rotational cutting method in needle biopsy is designed to enable retrieving samples of tougher tissue. For example, the vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) incorporates a rotating needle to remove a local region of dense tumor tissue (O'Flynn et al. 2010), which can have a stiffness over 2 MPa (Rajagopal et al. 2010). In the biopsy procedure, a sharp outer needle with an aperture near the tip is inserted to the tumor region, then the vacuum functions to pull the tumor tissue into the aperture, and finally, an inner needle rotates to cut through the tumor and keep the removed portion (sample) in the needle tube. In this procedure, the rotational cutting method is implemented for the inner needle, which is to drive a needle cannula to rotate and translate simultaneously to cut the tumor tissue. The motion of rotation produces shear forces in addition to normal ones on the cutting surface to help reduce the total axial cutting force (Atkins et al. 2004). The reduction of the axial cutting force caused the tissue to be less compressed before it breaks. Reducing the cutting force is believed to enhance the biopsy tool’s ability to obtain larger tissue samples and create a cleaner incision; thus the accuracy of the disease diagnosis can be improved (Moore et al. 2012). Understanding the reaction force exerted on the needle during the entire biopsy procedure is also crucial to its structural design. It has been shown that the reaction force can be so large that the needle bent significantly during the cutting process (Barnett et al. 2015). Furthermore, the reaction force was also shown correlated to the pain intensity that the patient would suffer (Egekvist et al. 1999).