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Association of birth weight and body mass index with cognitive function at Singkuang
Published in Cut Adeya Adella, Stem Cell Oncology, 2018
M. Mardia, M. Lubis, I. Fudjiati
Low birth weight babies (LBW) are still a problem in almost all countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) recorded that about 15% of live births in the world are LBW, with 6% of LBW incidence occurring in developed countries and 30% in developing countries (Simbolon, 2013). Based on the data of the number of babies born with LBW in 2007, LBW infants accounted for 295 out of 25,185 babies born. The incidence of LBW in hospitals in Indonesia is around 20%. In West Java regional referral centres each year record between 20-25% birth of LBW, while in rural areas the figure is 10.5%. In rural areas, most LBW die in the neonatal period (Risnah, 2009). Birth weight is considered to be one of the most important determinants of child health and survival and is seen as a good indicator of birth and lifelong health (Ayu, 2013). At present, one in ten infants in Indonesia is born under low birth weight (BBLR) is less than 2,500 grams. Previous research has shown that 35.6% of infants born with birth weight are less than 3,000 grams and 9.3% of infants born with birth weight less than 2,500 grams (Karima, 2012).
Chemistry, food and the modern diet: what’s in food besides food?
Published in Richard J. Sundberg, The Chemical Century, 2017
Many other factors may also be involved. Maternal nutrition is believed to influence the metabolic pattern of offspring and the metabolic syndrome seems to be associated with low birth weight.31 Stress may contribute.32 Socioeconomic changes such as urbanization and immigration may also be factors.33 A list of 10 such possible contributing factors has been compiled34 and includes: (1) sleep deprivation; (2) environmental endocrine disruptors and/or obesogens; (3) temperature control; (4) decreased smoking; (5) increase use of pharmaceuticals, some of which may induce weight gain; (6) change in population age and ethnicity; (7) increased maternal age at birth; (8) nutritional and other influences in utero; (9) correlation of fecundity with weight; and (10) selectivity for higher weight in reproduction. For each factor, there is suggestive evidence and a plausible explanation, but to date no definitive results demonstrating cause and effect are available.35
Children’s Environmental Health Issues
Published in Herman Koren, Best Practices for Environmental Health, 2017
Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy increases the risk of poor birth outcomes, including premature birth, low birth weight, smaller head size, and lower brain weight. Premature babies are at greater risk for a series of health problems and learning problems when they reach school age. During the first 3 years of life the brain develops very rapidly. If there is too little energy provided, or a lack of protein and nutrients, there are deficits in cognitive, social, and emotional development. This affects 5–10% of American children under the age of 3. Hungry children in school show 7–12 times as many symptoms of conduct disorders such as fighting, having problems with teachers, not following the rules, stealing, etc. as children who are properly nourished.
Does Maternal Autonomy Influence Child Nutrition in Rural Nigeria?
Published in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, 2023
K. K. Salman, M. B. Salawu, O. A. Oni, O. Obi-Egbedi
Weight at birth had a negative significant effect on child nutrition outcomes. An increase in the child’s weight at birth would decrease the probability of negative child nutrition outcomes. Since malnutrition does not favor children with low weight at birth, an increase in the weight of a child at birth thus increase positive nutrition outcome but decrease negative nutrition outcomes. Authors opined that a child’s weight at birth could be perceived as an indicator of the subsequent growth of the child. However, inadequate nutrition by the mother during pregnancy could result in the child having a low birth weight.38 The educational status of mothers had a negative significant effect on child nutrition outcomes. This implies that children of mothers with no education are more likely to suffer negative nutrition outcomes, as the marginal effects show that a mother’s educational status increases positive nutrition outcome but reduces negative child nutrition outcomes. The educational status of a mother would increase the probability of a positive nutrition outcome by 2.7% but reduce the probability of negative child nutrition outcomes (moderate and severe malnutrition) by 1.3% and 1.4%. The negative and significant relationship between a mother’s education and child nutrition outcomes is supported by previous findings.19,39
Assessment of 22 inorganic elements in human amniotic fluid: a cross-sectional study conducted in Canary Islands (Spain)
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2019
Luis Alberto Henríquez-Hernández, Octavio P. Luzardo, Luis D. Boada, Ana González-Antuña, Ana Isabel Domínguez-Bencomo, Manuel Zumbado, Guillermo Burillo-Putze
Among the newborns, mean birth weight was 3325.1 ± 536 g (median of birth weight, corresponding to percentile 50th (p50th) of the distribution, was 3.320 g; p10th–p90th = 2802–3896 g, respectively). A total of 8 newborn (12.3%) had an Apgar score ≤7. Length and head circumference were strongly associated to birth weight (Rho = 0.862 and 0.665, respectively; p < 0.0001. Figure 1(a,b)). Other factors associated to birth weight were: gestational age (Rho = 0.599, p < 0.0001; Figure 1(c)), way of delivery (3237.9 and 3674.2 g among vaginal delivery and caesarean section, respectively; p = 0.012. Figure 1(d)) and a trend of association with gestational diabetes (3266.1 and 3573 g among mothers without and with the affection, respectively; p = 0.095. Figure 1(e)). Other classical factor associated to birth weight – such as smoking status, parity, maternal age, newborn gender or gestational diabetes – did not reach statistical significance possible due to the small sample size.
A dynamical systems model of intrauterine fetal growth
Published in Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems, 2018
Mohammad T. Freigoun, Daniel E. Rivera, Penghong Guo, Emily E. Hohman, Alison D. Gernand, Danielle Symons Downs, Jennifer S. Savage
High infant birth weight is associated with subsequent childhood and adult-onset obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some forms of cancer [1–8]. High maternal body mass index (BMI) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are independent predictors of higher infant fat mass and, in turn, large for gestational age birth weight [9]. High BMI and GWG are also associated with complications such as intrauterine growth restriction, caesarean delivery, and preterm birth [1,10,11]. Nearly 70% of pregnant women in the United States failed to adhere to the Institute of Medicine guidelines for appropriate GWG, with 50% or more women exceeding guidelines [12]. Given the increased risk for high infant birth weight among women who are obese or have excessive GWG, research is warranted to better understand the underlying mechanisms of foetal growth, and efficient interventions are needed to regulate maternal and foetal weight [13].